- Photoshop User Guide
- Introduction to Photoshop
- Photoshop and other Adobe products and services
- Work with Illustrator artwork in Photoshop
- Work with Photoshop files in InDesign
- Substance 3D Materials for Photoshop
- Photoshop and Adobe Stock
- Use the Capture in-app extension in Photoshop
- Creative Cloud Libraries
- Creative Cloud Libraries in Photoshop
- Use the Touch Bar with Photoshop
- Grid and guides
- Creating actions
- Undo and history
- Photoshop on the iPad
- Photoshop on the iPad | Common questions
- Get to know the workspace
- System requirements | Photoshop on the iPad
- Create, open, and export documents
- Add photos
- Work with layers
- Draw and paint with brushes
- Make selections and add masks
- Retouch your composites
- Work with adjustment layers
- Adjust the tonality of your composite with Curves
- Apply transform operations
- Crop and rotate your composites
- Rotate, pan, zoom, and reset the canvas
- Work with Type layers
- Work with Photoshop and Lightroom
- Get missing fonts in Photoshop on the iPad
- Japanese Text in Photoshop on the iPad
- Manage app settings
- Touch shortcuts and gestures
- Keyboard shortcuts
- Edit your image size
- Livestream as you create in Photoshop on the iPad
- Correct imperfections with the Healing Brush
- Create brushes in Capture and use them in Photoshop
- Work with Camera Raw files
- Create and work with Smart Objects
- Adjust exposure in your images with Dodge and Burn
- Photoshop on the web beta
- Common questions | Photoshop on the web beta
- Introduction to the workspace
- System requirements | Photoshop on the web beta
- Keyboard shortcuts | Photoshop on the web beta
- Supported file types | Photoshop on the web beta
- Open and work with cloud documents
- Collaborate with stakeholders
- Apply limited edits to your cloud documents
- Cloud documents
- Photoshop cloud documents | Common questions
- Photoshop cloud documents | Workflow questions
- Manage and work with cloud documents in Photoshop
- Upgrade cloud storage for Photoshop
- Unable to create or save a cloud document
- Solve Photoshop cloud document errors
- Collect cloud document sync logs
- Share access and edit your cloud documents
- Share files and comment in-app
- Workspace
- Workspace basics
- Learn faster with the Photoshop Discover Panel
- Create documents
- Use the Touch Bar with Photoshop
- Tool galleries
- Performance preferences
- Use tools
- Touch gestures
- Touch capabilities and customizable workspaces
- Technology previews
- Metadata and notes
- Default keyboard shortcuts
- Touch capabilities and customizable workspaces
- Place Photoshop images in other applications
- Preferences
- Default keyboard shortcuts
- Rulers
- Show or hide non-printing Extras
- Specify columns for an image
- Undo and history
- Panels and menus
- Place files
- Position elements with snapping
- Position with the Ruler tool
- Presets
- Customize keyboard shortcuts
- Grid and guides
- Web, screen, and app design
- Image and color basics
- How to resize images
- Work with raster and vector images
- Image size and resolution
- Acquire images from cameras and scanners
- Create, open, and import images
- View images
- Invalid JPEG Marker error | Opening images
- Viewing multiple images
- Customize color pickers and swatches
- High dynamic range images
- Match colors in your image
- Convert between color modes
- Color modes
- Erase parts of an image
- Blending modes
- Choose colors
- Customize indexed color tables
- Image information
- Distort filters are unavailable
- About color
- Color and monochrome adjustments using channels
- Choose colors in the Color and Swatches panels
- Sample
- Color mode or Image mode
- Color cast
- Add a conditional mode change to an action
- Add swatches from HTML CSS and SVG
- Bit depth and preferences
- Layers
- Layer basics
- Nondestructive editing
- Create and manage layers and groups
- Select, group, and link layers
- Place images into frames
- Layer opacity and blending
- Mask layers
- Apply Smart Filters
- Layer comps
- Move, stack, and lock layers
- Mask layers with vector masks
- Manage layers and groups
- Layer effects and styles
- Edit layer masks
- Extract assets
- Reveal layers with clipping masks
- Generate image assets from layers
- Work with Smart Objects
- Blending modes
- Combine multiple images into a group portrait
- Combine images with Auto-Blend Layers
- Align and distribute layers
- Copy CSS from layers
- Load selections from a layer or layer mask's boundaries
- Knockout to reveal content from other layers
- Layer
- Flattening
- Composite
- Background
- Selections
- Select and Mask workspace
- Make quick selections
- Get started with selections
- Select with the marquee tools
- Select with the lasso tools
- Select a color range in an image
- Adjust pixel selections
- Convert between paths and selection borders
- Channel basics
- Move, copy, and delete selected pixels
- Create a temporary quick mask
- Save selections and alpha channel masks
- Select the image areas in focus
- Duplicate, split, and merge channels
- Channel calculations
- Selection
- Bounding box
- Image adjustments
- Perspective warp
- Reduce camera shake blurring
- Healing brush examples
- Export color lookup tables
- Adjust image sharpness and blur
- Understand color adjustments
- Apply a Brightness/Contrast adjustment
- Adjust shadow and highlight detail
- Levels adjustment
- Adjust hue and saturation
- Adjust vibrance
- Adjust color saturation in image areas
- Make quick tonal adjustments
- Apply special color effects to images
- Enhance your image with color balance adjustments
- High dynamic range images
- View histograms and pixel values
- Match colors in your image
- How to crop and straighten photos
- Convert a color image to black and white
- Adjustment and fill layers
- Curves adjustment
- Blending modes
- Target images for press
- Adjust color and tone with Levels and Curves eyedroppers
- Adjust HDR exposure and toning
- Filter
- Blur
- Dodge or burn image areas
- Make selective color adjustments
- Replace object colors
- Adobe Camera Raw
- Camera Raw system requirements
- What's new in Camera Raw
- Introduction to Camera Raw
- Create panoramas
- Supported lenses
- Vignette, grain, and dehaze effects in Camera Raw
- Default keyboard shortcuts
- Automatic perspective correction in Camera Raw
- How to make non-destructive edits in Camera Raw
- Radial Filter in Camera Raw
- Manage Camera Raw settings
- Open, process, and save images in Camera Raw
- Repair images with the Enhanced Spot Removal tool in Camera Raw
- Rotate, crop, and adjust images
- Adjust color rendering in Camera Raw
- Feature summary | Adobe Camera Raw | 2018 releases
- New features summary
- Process versions in Camera Raw
- Make local adjustments in Camera Raw
- Image repair and restoration
- Image transformations
- Drawing and painting
- Paint symmetrical patterns
- Draw rectangles and modify stroke options
- About drawing
- Draw and edit shapes
- Painting tools
- Create and modify brushes
- Blending modes
- Add color to paths
- Edit paths
- Paint with the Mixer Brush
- Brush presets
- Gradients
- Gradient interpolation
- Fill and stroke selections, layers, and paths
- Draw with the Pen tools
- Create patterns
- Generate a pattern using the Pattern Maker
- Manage paths
- Manage pattern libraries and presets
- Draw or paint with a graphics tablet
- Create textured brushes
- Add dynamic elements to brushes
- Gradient
- Paint stylized strokes with the Art History Brush
- Paint with a pattern
- Sync presets on multiple devices
- Text
- Add and edit the text
- Unified Text Engine
- Work with OpenType SVG fonts
- Format characters
- Format paragraphs
- How to create type effects
- Edit text
- Line and character spacing
- Arabic and Hebrew type
- Fonts
- Troubleshoot fonts
- Asian type
- Create type
- Text Engine error using Type tool in Photoshop | Windows 8
- Add and edit the text
- Video and animation
- Filters and effects
- Saving and exporting
- Printing
- Automation
- Color Management
- Content authenticity
- 3D and technical imaging
- Photoshop 3D | Common questions around discontinued 3D features
- Creative Cloud 3D Animation (Preview)
- Print 3D objects
- 3D painting
- 3D panel enhancements | Photoshop
- Essential 3D concepts and tools
- 3D rendering and saving
- Create 3D objects and animations
- Image stacks
- 3D workflow
- Measurement
- DICOM files
- Photoshop and MATLAB
- Count objects in an image
- Combine and convert 3D objects
- 3D texture editing
- Adjust HDR exposure and toning
- 3D panel settings
Discontinuation of 3D features in Photoshop
Photoshop’s 3D features will be removed in future updates. Users working with 3D are encouraged to explore Adobe’s new Substance 3D collection, which represents the next generation of 3D tools from Adobe. Additional details on the discontinuation of Photoshop’s 3D features can be found here: Photoshop 3D | Common questions on discontinued 3D features.
In Photoshop CS6, 3D functionality is part of Photoshop Extended. All features in Photoshop Extended are part of Photoshop. Photoshop does not have a separate Extended offering.
About DICOM files
DICOM (an acronym for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is the most common standard for receiving medical scans. Photoshop allows you to open and work with DICOM (.dc3, .dcm, .dic, or no extension) files. DICOM files can contain multiple “slices” or frames, which represent different layers of a scan.
Photoshop reads all frames from a DICOM file and converts them to Photoshop layers. Photoshop can also place all DICOM frames in a grid on one layer, or open frames as a 3D volume which you can rotate in 3D space. Photoshop can read 8‑, 10‑, 12‑, or 16‑bit DICOM files. (Photoshop converts 10‑ and 12‑bit files to 16‑bit files.)
Once you’ve opened a DICOM file in Photoshop, you can use any Photoshop tool to adjust, mark up, or annotate the file. For example, use the Notes tool to add a comment to the file, the Pencil tool to mark a specific area of the scan or the Dust And Scratches filter to remove dust or scratches from a scan. Use the Ruler or selection tools to make measurements of image content.
Any measurement scale present in a DICOM file is automatically imported with the file. If no scale is present, the default scale of 1 pixel = 1 mm is added as a custom measurement scale. See Set the measurement scale.
You can save 8‑bit DICOM files in any file format Photoshop supports (16‑bit files must be saved as DICOM, Large Document Format, Photoshop, Photoshop PDF, Photoshop Raw, PNG, or TIFF files).
When you save a file as DICOM, any layer styles, adjustments, blend modes, or masks are discarded.
You can also view and edit metadata for DICOM files in Bridge or in the Photoshop File Info dialog box. DICOM files support external automation through scripting (see Scripting).
Open a DICOM file
Before you open a DICOM file, you can specify how DICOM frames are opened (as layers, in a grid, or as a 3D volume), and set options (in the DICOM File Import dialog box) that anonymize patient metadata and display overlays. During the import you can also perform pans, zooms, and window leveling.
The DICOM import dialog box also displays DICOM header information—textual information about the file, such as its dimensions, data resolution, and whether the data has been compressed.
You can import a sequence of multiple, single-frame DICOM files into a single multilayered Photoshop file, using the New Video Layer from File command. See Import image sequences.
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Choose File > Open, select a DICOM file, and click Open.
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Select the frames you want to open. Shift-click to select contiguous frames. To select noncontiguous frames, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS). Click Select All to select all frames.Note:
To quickly scroll through frames, use the mouse scroll wheel (Windows) or click the Right or Left Arrow buttons below the large preview area.
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Choose from the following options, and then click Open.
Frame Import
Import Frames As Layers places DICOM frames on layers. N‑Up Configuration displays multiple frames in a grid (enter values in the Rows and Columns boxes to specify height and width of grid). Import as volume opens the DICOM frames as a volume, where the z-distance is determined by DICOM settings and data is interpolated between the frames. You can view the volume from any angle, using a variety of rendering modes to highlight data.
DICOM Dataset
Anonymize overwrites patient metadata with “anonymize.” Show Overlays displays overlays such as annotations, curves, or text.
Windowing
Select Show Windowing Options to adjust the contrast (Window Width) and brightness (Window Level) of the frame. Alternatively, you can drag the Window Level tool up or down to adjust the level, or to the right or left to adjust the width. You can also choose common radiology presets from the Window Preset menu (Default, Lung, Bone, or Abdomen). Select Reverse Image to invert the brightness values of the frame.
Note:To zoom, choose a zoom level from the Select Zoom Level menu (or click the plus and minus signs to zoom in and out). To pan, click the Hand icon at the top of the dialog box and drag across the frame.
Create a 3D volume from DICOM frames
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Choose File > Open, select a DICOM file, and click Open.
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Select the frames you want to convert to a 3D volume. Shift-click to select contiguous frames. To select noncontiguous frames, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS). Click Select All to select all frames.
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In Frame Import Options, select Import as volume, then click Open.
Photoshop creates a 3D volume of the DICOM frames and places it on a 3D layer in the Layers panel. You can use Photoshop’s 3D position tools to view the 3D volume from any angle, or change render settings to better visualize data.
The original DICOM file is preserved as a Diffuse texture layer associated with the 3D volume layer. For information on 3D textures, see 3D texture editing.
Double-click the texture layer to open the DICOM file as a Smart Object in its own document window. The DICOM frames appear as separate layers in the Layers panel.
Any changes you make to individual layers are applied to the 3D volume when you close and save the Smart Object.
To save the 3D volume, you can export the 3D layer or save the file in PSD format. See Saving and exporting 3D files.
View a 3D volume from different angles
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Select the 3D layer containing the DICOM volume in the Layers panel.
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Select either the 3D Position tool
or a 3D camera tool
in the Tools panel.
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Use the position or camera tools in the options bar to rotate, move, or scale the 3D volume. See 3D object and camera tools.
Note:If OpenGL support is enabled on your system, you can also use the 3D Axis to rotate, move, or scale the 3D volume. See 3D Axis.
View a 3D volume in different render modes
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Select the 3D layer containing the DICOM volume in the Layers panel.
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Choose Window > 3D to open the 3D panel.
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From the Preset menu in the lower section of the 3D panel, select a render mode.Note:
Render modes that use a transfer function use a Photoshop gradient to render values in the volume. The gradient color and opacity values are combined with the grayscale values in the volume to optimize or highlight different types of content. Transfer function render modes are only available for grayscale DICOM images.
Enhanced Boundaries
Lowers the opacity of homogeneous regions while retaining the opacity of the boundaries. It can also reduce noise in the volume.
Full Range Color Scale
Transfer function that uses a full “rainbow” Photoshop color gradient.
High Range Highlights
Transfer function that uses the color white for the entire value range, zero opacity for low range values, and high opacity for high range values.
Low Range Highlights
Transfer function that uses the color white for the entire value range, zero opacity for high range values, and high opacity for low range values.
Maximum Intensity Projection
Displays maximum values in the volume to provides a quick preview of volume structure. Does not provide any depth cues.
Red-Blue Color Scale
Transfer function that uses a full red-blue color gradient.
Thin Isolines
Transfer function that uses constant color, while opacity component is a function with multiple spikes, to display isovalues.
X-Ray
Approximates X-ray radiation transport through an X-ray translucent medium. This effect is useful for generating an image from a CT scan that looks like an X-ray shot of the same object.
White-Black Color Scale
Transfer function using a white-black color component.
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(Optional) To create a custom render mode, click Render Settings in the 3D panel to open the 3D Render Settings dialog box. Select options in the Volume Styles section of the dialog.
Export DICOM frames as JPEG files
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Open a DICOM file and set options in the DICOM File Import dialog box (see Open a DICOM file).
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Select frames in the DICOM File Import dialog box: Shift-click to select contiguous frames, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) to select noncontiguous frames, or click Select All to select all frames.
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Enter a prefix in the Prefix box in the Export Options area.
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Click Export Presentation (JPEG), select a folder, and click Select.
The JPEG files are saved in the specified location with the prefix added to the filenames. If you selected multiple frames, Photoshop appends successive numbering to the end of each filename (for example, DICOM Frame1, DICOM Frame2, DICOM Frame3).
DICOM metadata
You can view and edit several categories of DICOM metadata in the Photoshop File Info dialog box.
Patient data
Includes patient name, ID, sex, and date of birth.
Study data
Includes study ID, referring physician, study date and time, and study description.
Series data
Includes series number, modality, series date and time, and series description.
Equipment data
Includes the equipment institution and manufacturer.
Image data
Includes the transfer syntax, photometric interpretation, image width and height, bits per pixel, and frames. (These fields are not editable.)
Animate DICOM files
To animate DICOM slices or frames, select all DICOM layers and choose Make Frames From Layers from the Animation (Timeline) panel menu.
After creating frames in the (Animation) Timeline panel, you can save DICOM files as QuickTime movies (change grayscale DICOM files to RGB, and then render to video). You can also save frames as animated GIF files (choose File > Save for Web and Devices).
You can also use the Timeline panel to animate a 3D volume created from a DICOM file. See Creating 3D objects and animations.
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