Modularization reduces the complexity of a system. More formally, we can define modularization as dividing any system into independent functional units to allow replacement and/or removal of these units.

ColdFusion in all its versions installed all components, such as, datasource, language, pdf, Solr, etc., by default. You did not have an option to pick and choose the component or package that you’d want, or to remove the package. This meant that a lot of packages were left unused if they are not related to your application(s), leading to unnecessary consumption of system resources.

In Adobe ColdFusion (2021 release), you can install ColdFusion features as packages for a specific purpose. For example, you want to execute oracle database operations, you can install the oracle package. You can also uninstall the package if it is not required in future. This means that you have a lightweight base version of ColdFusion and depending on your use, you can add or remove the packages. You need not restart ColdFusion for the changes to take effect.

Benefits

• The size of the installer now stands at 146 MB for core ColdFusion services, which also includes JRE. The size will decrease further in future releases.
• The size on disk is now reduced by ~300% and the runtime memory (for core packages) is now reduced by ~350%. The disk size may increase once you install the other packages.
• The startup time has decreased by ~400%.
  

Get started

You can install, remove, or update packages using these three ways:

1. ColdFusion Adminstrator
2. CLI Interactive mode
3. CLI Non-interactive mode

ColdFusion Admin interface to install/uninstall packages

In the ColdFusion Administrator, click Package Manager, and you can see the options to manage the packages.

Packages

The Packages page contains the following sections.

CORE SERVER

Check for updates to the core packages. Click the button Check for Updates and see a list of available updates.

INSTALLED PACKAGES

The Installed Packages section lists all packages that are already installed. Select a package and uninstall the package. You can also uninstall all the installed packages and check if any packge needs an update.

AVAILABLE PACKAGES

The Available Packages section lists packages that are not yet installed. Click Install All to install the packages simultaneously.

Settings

The Settings page contains the following options to specify update preferences such as update notifications or if to automatically check for updates.

If you have set up a local update site, you can also specify URL of that site to get updates.

Auto-Check

Click Auto-Check to see if any package updates are available for installation. You will receive a notification when a new update is available for download.

Notification

Provides options to specify update preferences such as update notifications or automatically check for updates.

Update Site

If you have set up a local update site, specify the URL of that site to get updates.

Packages Site

If you have set up a local site for packages, specify the URL to receive the updates.

Proxy Settings

If you host the packages on a server that is behind a proxy server, then provide these details:

• Proxy host
• Proxy port
• Proxy username
• Proxy password

ColdFusion Package Manager Interactive Mode

Using the ColdFusion Package Manager (cfpm), you can install, uninstall, list all the packages that are currently installed and get the list of available ColdFusion packages, and much more.

Navigate to CFHOME/cfusion/bin and enter cfpm.bat

You are now in the cfpm prompt.

Commands

Help

In the prompt, type help and enter. You can see the following options:

Package information

To see the information about a package, enter the following command:

info <moulename>

For example, if you view the information about the package pdf and its dependencies, enter

info pdf

If a package is not installed, the information about it will be colored yellow. In this example, cfmongodb isn't installed, so the information shows up in yellow color.

List all installed packages

In the prompt, to see the list of all packages that are installed, enter list.

You can see the list of packages, as shown below:

List all available packages

In the prompt, to see the list of available packages in the package repository, enter listall.

The packages that are installed are in green.

Install a package

To install a package, enter the name of the package after install, for example,

install <package_name>

For example, to install Azure Blob, enter the command below:

install azureblob

You can also specify a comma-separated list of packages after install, for example,

install <package1>,<package2>,<package3>,…

If the package being installed has any other dependent packages, it automatically installs them as well.

You can also specify the version of the package while installing the package.

cfpm>install package:version

Uninstall a package

To uninstall a package, enter the name of the package after uninstall, for example,

uninstall <package_name>

Uninstalling a package does not uninstall its dependent packages. You must uninstall the dependent packages manually.

You can uninstall packages in their order of dependent packages.

For example, to uninstall Azure Blob, enter the command below:

uninstall azureblob

Code scanner

ColdFusion is modularized and only contains the core by default. It can be pretty difficult task to identify the list of packages that must be installed in order to run the application successfully.

The code scanner comes to the rescue and automatically scans through the specified code base and returns the list of required packages to be installed.

Enter the following command:

scan <path_to_your_code_base> http://[CF_SERVER_HOST]:port

In addition, you can scan the code base and install the recommended packages in one go as well. Enter the following command:

scanandinstall <path_to_your_code_base> http://[CF_SERVER_HOST]:port

For example, scanandinstall <code_base/wwwroot/cfm> http://localhost:8500.

Configure local repository

It may happen that you may be behind a firewall or do not have an active internet connection, which results in packages not getting installed.

In this release, we’ve introduced the command downloadrepo, using which you can download the complete repo (all packages) to a specified location and host it on any web server locally.

Enter the command:

downloadrepo <path_to_repo>

For example, downloadrepo C:\packagerepo.

Once the repository is downloaded and hosted on the web server. It can be used by ColdFusion server to act as the online repository. You can switch the repository location using the ColdFusion administrator.

Steps to use the local repository:

1. Download the repository and host it on a web server as mentioned above.
2. Log in to ColdFusion administrator.
3. Navigate to Package Manager > Settings
4. Update the Package Site to http://<LOCAL_WEB_SERVER>/packagerepo/bundlesdependency.json
5. Submit changes
6. Restart ColdFusion server.

Export packages

Export the current state of a server. It can be imported to another instance of another ColdFusion instance or server.

For example,

cfpm>export C:\packages.txt

The contents of the file are shown below:

Import packages

Import the state of server from a file to install all packages that are mentioned in the file being imported.

For example,

cfpm>import C:\packages-to-import.txt

Update packages

In this section, we shall discuss a few package update workflows where you will upgrade or downgrade core verion or packages. Here are some instances when you'll update or downgrade a package.

• You have installed ColdFusion core package and want to update or downgrade the package.​
• You have installed ColdFusion core package and a second package, for example, chart. Now a new version is available for chart, which is compatible with the already installed core package. Your intent is to update the chart package.
• You have installed ColdFusion core package and a second package, for example, chart. Now a new version is available for chart, which is not compatible with the already installed core package. 
  Your intent is to update the core package along with the chart package.
• You want to downgrade the chart package to the previous version, which means that you must first downgrade the core package.

Example workflows

For example,

• You've intalled the ColdFusion core package and 10 different packages. If there are updates available for five packages, of which three packages are compatible with the installed core package, then you must update the core package along with all the five packages.
• You've installed the ColdFusion core package and 10 different packages. If there is a package that is not compatible with the core package, then you must update the package to its latest version.

Note: When you install ColdFusion using the GUI installer, the by default, all packages are installed, which are updated to the latest version of ColdFusion.

Supported commands

Example

For updating or downgrading the core server or packages, use the command,

install <package name>:<lower package version>

For example, you have installed the package chart v2021.0.0.323100, which depends on the latest core package. Now you want to downgrade the package to v2021.0.0.323099, which depends on the previous version of the core package.

Then, use the command- install chart:2021.0.0.323099

The command will

• Uninstall the core update.
• Uninstall the latest version of the chart package.
• Install the latest version of the chart package.

ColdFusion Package Manager Non-interactive Mode

It is easier to automate the process of package installation or uninstallation using the CFPM non-interactive mode.

Open the command prompt, navigate to the coldFusion/cfusion/bin folder, and enter:

cfpm COMMAND ARGUMENTS

For example: C:\ColdFusion\cfusion\bin>cfpm install <package_name>

Docker

The docker image accepts two environment variables:

• installModules=<Comma delimited list of packages to be installed by CF Package Manager,accepts 'all' for installing all the available packages>
  
• importModules=<A text file containing packages to be imported. Must be present in the webroot, /app>"