Rotating an object turns it around a fixed point that you designate. The default reference point is the object’s center point. If you have multiple objects in a selection, the objects will rotate around a single reference point, which is the center point of the selection or bounding box by default. To rotate each object around its own center point, use the Transform Each command.

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To rotate the object around its center point, drag in a circular motion anywhere in the document window.
To rotate the object around a different reference point, click once anywhere in the document window to reposition the reference point. Then move the pointer away from the reference point and drag in a circular motion.
To rotate a copy of the object instead of the object itself, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) after you start to drag.
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To rotate the object around its center point, enter a value for the Angle option in the panel.
To rotate the object around a different reference point, click a white square on the reference point locator
in the panel, and enter a value for the Angle option.
Tip: You can also call up the Transform panel by clicking X, Y, W, or H in the Control panel.
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You can rotate a symbol around its registration point, using the Transform panel. For more information see Symbol registration point.
By default, the x and y axes are parallel to the horizontal and vertical sides of the document window.
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Specify an angle in the Constrain Angle text box. A positive angle rotates the axes counterclockwise; a negative angle rotates the axes clockwise.
Rotating the axes is useful if your artwork consists of elements that are rotated to the same angle, such as a logo and text displayed on a 20° angle. Instead of rotating each element you add to the logo, you can simply rotate the axes by 20°. Everything you draw is created along the new axes.
Object aligned with default axes (left) compared to alignment with axes rotated 20° (right)
Reflecting an object flips the object across an invisible axis that you specify. You can reflect objects using the Free Transform tool, the Reflect tool, or the Reflect command. If you want to specify an axis from which to reflect, use the Reflect tool.
Note:
To create a mirror image of an object, you can copy while reflecting.
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Click to set the second point of the invisible axis. When you click, the selected object flips over the defined axis.
Click to set one point of the axis (left), then click again to set the other axis point and reflect the object across the axis (right).
To reflect a copy of the object, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) and click to set the second point of the invisible axis.
Adjust the axis of reflection by dragging instead of clicking. Shift‑drag to constrain the angle by 45°. As you drag, the invisible axis of reflection rotates around the point you clicked in step 3 and an outline of the object appears reflected. When the outline is in the desired position, release the mouse button.
Dragging the second point of the reflect axis to rotate the axis