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You use the Stroke panel (Window > Stroke) to specify whether a line is solid or dashed, the dash sequence and other dash adjustments if it is dashed, the stroke weight, the stroke alignment, the miter limit, arrowheads, width profiles, and the styles of line joins and line caps.
You can apply stroke options to an entire object, or you can use Live Paint groups and apply different strokes to different edges within the object.
Layers Magazine instructor Dave Cross shows you how to apply fill and stroke in Illustrator and some handy shortcuts to work with fill and stroke in this video.
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Select a color from the Color panel, or a swatch from the Swatches panel or Control panel. Alternatively, double-click the Stroke box to select a color using the Color Picker.
Note:
If you want to use the current color in the Stroke box, you can simply drag the color from the Stroke box onto the object. Dragging does not work on Live Paint groups.
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If the object is a closed path (and not a Live Paint group), choose an option from the Stroke panel to align the stroke along the path:
Notes:
- In the current version of Illustrator, the Align Stroke To Inside option is applied by default while you're creating a web document. In some earlier versions of Illustrator, Illustrator would apply the Align Stroke To Center option by default.
- If you try to align paths that use different stroke alignments, the paths may not exactly align. Make sure the path alignment settings are the same if you need the edges to match up exactly when aligned.
Align Stroke To Center 
Align Stroke To Inside 
Align Stroke To Outside Available from the Tools panel, the Width tool enables you to create a variable-width stroke and save the variable width as a profile that can be applied to other strokes.
When you mouse over a stroke with the Width tool, a hollow diamond appears on the path with handles. You can adjust the stroke width, move the width point, duplicate the width point, and delete the width point.
For multiple strokes, the Width tool adjusts only the active stroke. If you want to adjust a stroke, make sure that you select it as the active stroke in the Appearance panel.
For a video on using the Width tool, see Using variable-width strokes.
To create or modify a width point using the Width Point Edit dialog box, double-click the stroke using the Width tool and edit the values for the width point. If you select the Adjust Adjoining Width Points check box, changes to the selected width point affect neighboring width points as well.
To automatically select the Adjust Adjoining Width Points check box, press Shift and double-click the width point.
The Width tool distinguishes between continuous and discontinuous width points while adjusting the variable width.
Do any of the following:
- Drag the handles outward or inward to adjust the stroke width at that location on the path. Width points created at a corner or at a direct-selected anchor point stick to the anchor point during basic editing of the path.
- To change the position of the width point, drag the point along the path.
- To select multiple width points, press Shift and click. In the Width Point Edit dialog box, specify values for Side 1 and Side 2 of multiple points. Any adjustment to the width points affects all the selected width points.
- To globally adjust the stroke weight for all the width points, specify the stroke weight in the Weight drop-down list of the Stroke panel.
After defining the stroke width, save the variable-width profile using the Stroke panel, the Control panel, or the Properties panel.
Do any of the following:
- To apply width profiles to selected paths, choose them from the Width Profile drop-down list in the Control panel or Stroke panel. When a stroke with no variable width is selected, the list displays the Uniform option. Select the Uniform option to remove a variable-width profile from an object.
- To restore the default width profile set, click the Reset Profiles button at the bottom of the Profile drop-down list.
Note:
Restoring the default width profile set in the Stroke Options dialog box removes any custom saved profiles.
If you apply a variable-width profile to a stroke, it is indicated with an asterisk (*) in the Appearance panel.
For Art and Pattern brushes, the Width Points/Profile option is automatically selected for size in the Stroke Options dialog box after you edit a brush path with the Variable Width tool or apply a Width Profile preset. To remove any width profile changes, select the Fixed option for size or one of the tablet data channels, such as Pressure, to restore the tablet data options.
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Click the icon: Align Dashes to Corners and Path Ends, Adjusting Length to Fit
. This
option allows you to make the dashes at the corners and ends of
the paths consistent and predictable. If you need to retain the
appearance of the dashes without aligning then select the Preserve
exact dash and gap lengths 
icon.
Dash Adjustments at the corners
A. Preserved exact dash and gap lengths B. Aligned dashes to corners and path ends, adjusting lengths to fit -
Select a cap option to change the ends of the dashes. The Butt Cap
option creates
square-ended dashes; the Round Cap 
option
creates rounded dashes or dots; the Projecting Cap 
option
extends the ends of dashes.
6-point dashed lines with dash gaps of 2, 12, 16, 12
A. Butt cap B. Round cap C. Projecting capFor a video on creating perfectly dashed strokes, see Creating corner-aligned dashed lines.
A cap is the end of an open line; a join is where a straight line changes direction (turns a corner). You can change the caps and joins of a line by changing the object’s stroke attributes.
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Projecting Cap
Creates stroked lines with squared ends that extend half the line width beyond the end of the line. This option makes the weight of the line extend equally in all directions around the line.
Miter Join
Creates stroked lines with pointed corners. Enter a miter limit between 1 and 500. The miter limit controls when the program switches from a mitered (pointed) join to a beveled (squared-off) join. The default miter limit is 10, which means that when the length of the point reaches ten times the stroke weight, the program switches from a miter join to a bevel join. A miter limit of 1 results in a bevel join.
In Illustrator, you can access arrowheads from the Stroke panel and associate controls to adjust size. Default arrowheads are available from the Arrowheads drop-down list in the Stroke panel. Using the Stroke panel, you can also easily swap arrowheads.
You can resize the tip and end of the arrowheads independently, using Scale option. If you want to link the start and end of the arrowheads scale, click the Link Start and End of Arrowheads Scales icon, adjacent to the Scale option.
You can also adjust the path to align to the tip or the end of the arrowhead, using the Align options. The options are:
Extend arrow tip beyond end of path
Place arrow tip at the end of path
Note: To remove arrowheads from objects, choose the None arrowhead option from the drop-down list.
To define custom arrowheads, open the Arrowheads.ai file, which is located under ShowPackageContent\Required\Resources\<locale>\ (for Mac) and \Support Files\Required\Resources\<locale>\ (for Windows). Follow the instructions in the file to create custom arrowheads.
Place the updated Arrowheads.ai file at: <Illustrator home>\Plug-ins\ and avoid replacing the existing Arrowheads.ai file.