Gradients

A gradient is a graduated blend of two or more colors or tints of the same color. You can use gradients to create color blends, add volume to vector objects, and add a light and shadow effect to your artwork. In Illustrator, you can create, apply, and modify a gradient using the Gradient panel, the Gradient tool, or the Control panel.

In Illustrator, you can create the following three types of gradients:

• Linear
  Use this gradient type to blend colors from one point to another in a straight line.

• Radial
  Use this gradient type to blend colors from one point to another point in a circular pattern. 

• Freeform
  Use this gradient type to create a graduated blend of color stops within a shape in an ordered or random sequence such that the blending appears smooth and natural. Freeform gradient can be applied in two modes:
  • Points: Use this mode to shade the area around a color stop.
  • Lines: Use this mode to shade the area around a line.

Note: A color stop is a point on the Gradient Annotator (for linear and radial) or on the object (for freeform) that controls the color of the gradient. You can change the color of the color stops to set a gradient 

You can create or modify a gradient using the Gradient tool or the Gradient panel. Use the Gradient tool when you want to create or modify gradients directly in the artwork and view the modifications in real time.

To open the Gradient tool, click Gradient Tool in the toolbox.

To open the Gradient panel, do one of the following:

• Choose Window > Gradient.
• Double-click the Gradient tool in the toolbar.

The Gradient panel is displayed on the canvas.

The Gradient tool and the Gradient panel have many options common between them. However, there are some tasks that you can perform only with the tool or the panel. Using the Gradient tool and the panel, you can specify multiple color stops, their location, and spread. You can also specify the angle at which colors display, the aspect ratio of an elliptical gradient, and the opacity of each color.

For the linear and radial gradient types, when you click the Gradient tool in the toolbar, Gradient Annotator appears in the object. Gradient Annotator is a slider that shows a starting point, an end point, a midpoint, and two color stops for the starting and end points.

You can use Gradient Annotator to modify the angle, location, and spread of a linear gradient; and the focal point, origin, and spread of a radial gradient. Once the gradient annotator appears in the object, you can either use the Gradient panel or Gradient Annotator to add new color stops, specify new colors for individual color stops, change opacity settings, and drag color stops to new locations.

To hide or show the gradient annotator, choose View > Hide Gradient Annotator or View > Show Gradient Annotator.

In linear and radial gradient annotators, dragging the circular end (starting point) of the gradient slider repositions the origin of the gradient and dragging the arrow end (end point) increases or decreases the range of the gradient. If you place the pointer over the end point, a rotation cursor appears that you can use to change the angle of the gradient.

Note: Freeform gradient lets you place color stops anywhere in the object. Therefore, Freeform gradient does not require a Gradient Annotator.

When you click the Gradient tool to apply a gradient for the first time, the White, Black gradient is applied by default. If you had applied the gradient previously, the last used gradient is applied on the object by default.

Illustrator also provides a predefined set of gradients that you can set using the Gradient panel or the Swatches panel. In addition, you can create a gradient and save it in the Swatches panel for future use. To apply a predefined or a saved gradient from the Gradient panel:

• Select the object on the canvas and click the Gradient drop-down in the Gradient panel.

To apply a predefined gradient from the swatch library:

• Click Window > Swatches to open the Swatches panel.
• In the Swatches panel, click the drop-down in the upper-right corner. In the list, choose Open Swatch Library > Gradients and then choose the gradient you want to apply.
• To display only gradients in the Swatches panel, click the Show Swatch Kinds drop-down list and choose Show Gradient Swatches. 

Based on your requirements, you can choose to apply a linear, radial, and freeform gradient to your artwork.

• Create and apply a linear gradient
• Create and apply a radial gradient
• Create and apply a freeform gradient

To create a linear gradient, do one of the following:

• Click the Gradient tool and then click the object on the canvas. The Gradient Type buttons are displayed in the Control panel or Properties panel. With the object selected, click Linear Gradient to apply the Linear gradient on the object.
• In the Gradient panel, click Linear Gradient.
• In the Properties panel, click Linear Gradient in the Gradient section.

To create or apply a radial gradient, do one of the following:

• Click the Gradient tool and then click the object on the canvas. The Gradient Type buttons are displayed in the Control panel or Properties panel. With the object selected, click Radial Gradient to apply the Radial gradient on the object.
• In the Gradient panel, click Radial Gradient.
• In the Properties panel, click Radial Gradient in the Gradient section.

To create and apply a freeform gradient, do one of the following:

• Click the Gradient tool and then click the object on the canvas. The Gradient Type buttons are displayed in the Control panel or Properties panel. With the object selected, click Freeform Gradient to apply the Freeform gradient on the object.
• In the Gradient panel, click Freeform Gradient.
• In the Properties panel, click Freeform Gradient in the Gradient section.

After you click Freeform gradient, the following two options are available:

• Points: Select this option if you want to create color stops as independent points in the object.
• Lines: Select this option if you want to create color stops over a line segment in the object. 

Do the following to create, modify, and delete the freeform gradient for the point mode:

• To add one or more color stops, click anywhere in the object.
• To change the position of color stops, drag them and place at the desired location.
• To delete the color stop, drag them outside the object area or click Delete in the Gradient panel or press the Delete key.

You can set the spread of a color stop in the points freeform gradient. Spread is the circular area around the color stop in which a gradient is to be applied. To set the spread of a color stop, select the color stop and do one of the following:

• In the Gradient panel, select or type a value in the Spread drop-down list.
• Type a value in the Spread drop-down list in the Control panel, Properties panel, or Gradient panel. You can also use slider that appears when you click Spread.

By default the spread of color stops is 0%.  

To add color stops for the freeform gradient for line mode, do one of the following:

• Click anywhere in the object to create the first color stop, which is the starting point for the line segment.
• Click to create the next color stop. A straight line is added connecting the first and the second color stops. 
• Click again to create further color stops. The straight line changes into a curved line. 

You can create multiple individual line segments in an object. To create a new line segment:

• Drag the pointer outside the object and bring it back to the object and then click anywhere to create the first color stop for the line segment.

Note: You can also drag the line segments and join them together if you want.

To delete the selected color stops:

• Drag them outside the object area or click Delete in the Gradient Panel.

To change the position of color stops:

• Drag the color stop and place it at the desired location. The line segment also shrinks or expands when you change the position of a color stop. The position of other color stops remains unchanged.

You can modify the color, origin, opacity, location, and angle of a gradient from the Gradient tool, Gradient panel, Control panel, and Properties panel. 

To directly enter into the gradient editing mode from the Gradient panel, select the object and click the Edit Gradient button. You can then edit the options, such as color stops, color, angle, opacity, location, aspect ratio, etc.

After a gradient is applied, you can add various color stops on the Gradient Annotator.

To add color stops:

• Place the pointer on the Gradient annotator and when you see a + symbol below the pointer, click the Gradient Annotator. 

A color stop is added at the point you click.

To delete a color stop, select the color stop and do one of the following:

• Press the Delete key.
• Click the Delete button in the Gradient panel.

To select multiple color stops, press the Shift key and click the color stops.

To clear all the selected color stops, press the Escape key.

Note: When you select a color stop for gradient, the Control panel and the toolbar show options for modifying color stops. In addition, the color options are displayed on the Color tab to the right.

To change the color of a color stop, do one of the following:

• Double-click the color stop.
  The color panel is displayed in which you can choose a color you want to apply. The selected color is applied from the currently selected color stop to the next color stop.

• Click the Swatches button on the color panel to choose a color from the available swatches. 
• Click Color Picker on Color panel to pick and apply any color from the canvas and apply anywhere. Press Escape or Enter to exit the color picker mode. The Color panel, Gradient panel, and Properties panel provide the color picker option.
• Open the Swatches panel by clicking Windows > Swatches. Click the object fill in the Swatches panel. The selected color is applied on the selected color stop.

The starting point of Gradient Annotator is called origin.

• To change the origin, place the pointer on the starting point and drag to move it.
• To resize the gradient annotator, drag the end point closer to or away from the starting point.

Note: Gradient Annotator cannot be resized with the starting point (origin).

• To rotate the gradient annotator for Linear gradient, hold the end point of the gradient annotator. When you see a circular arrow symbol, drag the annotator and rotate in any direction. A dotted rectangle is displayed to indicate the new position of the annotator.

• To rotate the gradient annotator for Radial gradients, place the pointer on the end point of the Gradient Annotator and drag the annotator when a circular arrow symbol appears.
  When you place the pointer within the radius range of the radial gradient, a dotted ring is displayed. You can rotate this ring along its axis to change the angle of the radial gradient. In addition, two points are displayed on the dotted ring. You can click one of those points to change the shape of the ring (aspect ratio) and click the other point to change the size of the dotted ring (spread of the gradient).

To change the location of color stops and their midpoints:

• Drag them along the gradient slider.
• Add the value in the Location box in the Gradient panel. (show example of changing location of color stop).

By changing the midpoint, you can adjust the color division between the two color stops. 

To change the angle of the gradient:

• Rotate the gradient annotator on the object.
• Select or type a value in the Angle drop-down box in the Gradient panel.

To change the opacity of the color stop, click a color stop and do one of the following:

• Select or type a value in the Opacity box in the Gradient panel or Control panel. 
• Move the opacity slider in the Control panel.

When a color stop has an opacity value less than 100%, the color appears in the checkered form in the Gradient annotator.

To reverse the colors in the gradient, click Reverse Gradient in the Gradient panel.

To save the new or modified gradient as a swatch in the current file, do one of the following:

• Click the Add to Swatches button in the Gradient Menu.
• Click the swatches menu in the Swatches panel and choose New Swatch.
• Drag the Gradient fill box from the Gradient Panel to the Swatches panel. 

To apply a gradient on stroke of the object, select the object and do the following:

• Choose a gradient in the Gradient panel.
• Select Stroke(X) from the toolbar, Swatches panel, Gradient panel, and Properties panel.
• Select one of the following stroke styles:
  • Apply Gradient within the stroke
  • Apply Gradient along the stroke
  • Apply gradient across the stroke

To apply a linear or a radial gradient for multiple objects, do the following:

• Apply gradient on one object. Select the other objects that you want to fill with same gradient. To do this, click the Selection tool from the toolbar. Hold the Shift key and click the objects that you want to fill with same gradient.
• Select the Color picker tool from the toolbar and click the gradient. Then, select objects on which the selected gradient is to be applied.
• Click the Fill icon in the Gradient panel, toolbar, or Properties panel.

Using the Gradient tool, do one of the following:

• To create a gradient with one Gradient annotator, click anywhere on the canvas where you want the gradient to start, and drag to where you want the gradient to end. 
• To create a gradient with a Gradient annotator for every selected object, click in the artboard where you want the gradient to start, and Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (macOS) to where you want the gradient to end. You can then adjust the different gradient sliders for the different objects. (Multiple gradient sliders are only created for simple paths.)