Mode
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2026-10-29
Find all the stack modes with formulas and use cases for noise reduction and object removal in Adobe Photoshop on desktop.
All stack modes operate on a per-channel basis and calculate values using only non-transparent pixels in the stack. For example, the Maximum mode returns the maximum red, green, and blue channel values for a pixel cross-section and merges them into one composite pixel value in the rendered image.
Available stack modes
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|
Result |
Use cases |
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Entropy |
entropy = - sum( (probability of value) * log2( probability of value) )Probability of value = (number of occurrences of value) / (total number of non-transparent pixels) |
Defines the minimum bits needed to encode information in a set (binary or zero-order entropy). |
|
Kurtosis |
kurtosis = ( sum( (value - mean)⁴ ) over non-transparent pixels ) / ( ( number of non-transparent pixels - 1 ) * (standard deviation)⁴ ) |
Measures distribution shape. Returns 3.0 for normal distribution, above 3 for peaked, below 3 for flat. |
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Maximum |
The maximum channel values for all non-transparent pixels |
Preserves the brightest values across the stack. |
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Mean |
The mean channel values for all non-transparent pixels |
Reduces noise by averaging pixel values to smooth variations. |
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Median |
The median channel values for all non-transparent pixels |
Reduces noise and removes transient objects by selecting middle values that filter out temporary elements. |
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Minimum |
The minimum channel values for all non-transparent pixels |
Preserves the darkest values across the stack. |
|
Range |
Maximum minus the minimum of the non-transparent pixel values |
Shows value spread for analyzing variation. |
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Skewness |
skewness = (sum( (value - mean)³ ) over non-transparent pixels ) / ( ( number of non-transparent pixels - 1 ) * (standard deviation)³ ) |
Measures distribution symmetry around the mean. |
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Standard Deviation |
standard deviation = Square Root(variance) |
Quantifies how much values vary from the mean. |
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Summation |
The sum channel values for all non-transparent pixels |
Accumulates all values for specialized analysis. |
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Variance |
variance = (sum( (value-mean)² ) over non-transparent pixels ) / ( number of non-transparent pixels - 1) |
Measures how far values spread from their average. |
Common workflows
Reducing image noise: Apply Mean for general noise reduction or Median when the scene includes occasional unwanted elements. Use Mean for purely random noise; choose Median when you need both noise reduction and the ability to filter transient objects.
Removing unwanted objects: Use the Median stack mode when you have a series of frames showing transient objects (people walking through a scene, passing vehicles) that you want to eliminate. The median calculation automatically excludes values that appear in only some frames.
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