Advanced mapping

Last updated on Jan 13, 2022 | Also applies to ColdFusion

Collection Mapping

Collection mapping is similar to a one-to-many relationship mapping. However, in collection mapping, you have a collection of values instead of a collection of persistent target objects.
Consider the Artist-Art tables. If you want each Artist object to contain an array of artwork names instead of artwork objects, collection mapping should be used.
To define collection mapping in the CFC, use fieldtype="collection" in the cfproperty tag.
The collection can either be Array or Struct.

Array

Syntax

fieldtype="collection"
type="array"
table="table_name"
fkcolumn="foreign_key_column_name"
elementtype="ormtype"
elementColumn="column_name from the link table that should be
used for populating"
orderby="order by string"
lazy = "true|[false]"
readonly="true|[false]"
optimisticlock="[true]|false"
batchsize="batch size">

Example

If each Artist object contains an array of artwork names instead of artwork objects, this mapping can be defined in Artist. cfc as:

<cfproperty name="artNames" fieldtype="collection" type="array" table="ART" fkcolumn="ARTISTID" elementcolumn="ARTNAME" elementtype="string">

Attribute

Attribute	Req/Opt	Default	Description
batchsize	Optional		An integer value that specifies the "batchsize" for fetching uninitialized collections. For details, see Lazy Loading.
elementColumn	Required		Specifies the column name that contains the data to be fetched for collection.
elementtype	Optional	String	Data type of the selected column. See ORM data types in Map the properties for details.
fieldtype	Required		Should be "collection".
fkcolumn	Optional		The foreign key column in the specified table.If you do not specify the foreign key column and useDBForMapping is true in ormsettings, ColdFusion automatically determines a foreign key column after inspecting the database.
lazy	Optional	true	Specifies if loading is to be done lazily:truefalseSee Lazy Loading for details.
name	Required		Name of the collection.
optimisticlock	Optional	true	Specifies the locking strategy.truefalse
orderBy	Optional		Specifies the Order By string.
readonly	Optional	false	truefalseIf set to true, it indicates that the collection never changes and can be cached.
table	Required		Name of the table from where the values will be fetched.
type	Optional	array	Specifies if the collection type is:arraystruct

Struct

Syntax

name="field_name"
fieldtype="collection"
type="struct"
table="table_name"
fkcolumn="foreign_key_column_name"
structkeycolumn="column in the target table to be used as key in the struct"
structkeytype="ormtype of the key in the struct"
elementtype="ormtype of the valye in the struct"
elementColumn="column name from the table that should be used in
value of struct"
orderby="order by string"
lazy = "[true]|false"
readonly="true|[false]"
optimisticlock="[true]|false"
batchsize="batch size">

Attribute	Req/Opt	Default	Description
batchsize	Optional		An integer value that specifies the "batchsize" for lazily fetching instances of this collection.
elementcolumn	Required		Specifies the column name that contains the data to be fetched for collection.
elementtype	Required		Data type of the value. See ORM data types in Map the properties for details.
fieldtype	Required		Should be a collection.
fkcolumn	Optional		The foreign key column in the table.If foreign key column is not specified and useDBForMapping is set to true in ORMSetting, ColdFusion automatically determines the Foreign Key column after inspecting the database.
lazy	Optional	true	Specifies if loading is to be done lazily: truefalseSee Lazy Loading for details.
name	Required		Name of the collection property.
optimisticlock	Optional	true	truefalse
orderby	Optional		Specifies the Order By string.
readonly	Optional	false	Value are:truefalseIf you set it to true, the collection never changes and can be cached.
structkeycolumn	Required		Column name in the table that will be used as key of struct.
structkeyType	Required		Specifies the data type of the key, when type=struct. For the entire list of data types, see the Data Type section.
table	Required		Name of the table from where the collection will be fetched.
type	Optional	array	Specifies if the collection type is: arraystruct

Inheritance mapping

If the object you need to persist has a hierarchy, the CFCs of that object hierarchy need to be mapped to the relational tables such that the entire hierarchy is persisted.
There are multiple strategies followed for inheritance mapping:

Table per hierarchy
Table per subclass without discriminator
Table per subclass with discriminator

Table per hierarchy

In this model, the object hierarchy is persisted in a single table. This table includes columns for all the properties of all the CFCs in the hierarchy. The concrete subclass represented by a row is identified based on the value of the discriminator column. In this strategy, all the CFCs of the hierarchy must have the same table name.

Note:

If the discriminator column and discriminator value is not specified, a default discriminator column name and value is picked up.

In the preceding figure, discriminatorColumn is PaymentType. Depending on the values of PaymentType whether it is credit card or check, the row is represented as a CreditCardpayment or checkPayment object respectively.

The following example illustrates how you can model the table per hierarchy:

Payment.cfc (parent class)

<cfcomponent persistent="true" table="Payment" discriminatorColumn="paymentType"> <cfproperty name="id"> 
<cfproperty name="amount"> 
</cfcomponent>

CreditCardPayment.cfc

<cfcomponent persistent="true" extends="Payment" table="Payment" discriminatorValue="CCard"> 
<cfproperty name="cardNo"> 
<cfproperty name="cardType"> 
</cfcomponent>

CheckPayment.cfc

<cfcomponent persistent="true" extends="Payment" table="Payment" discriminatorValue="check"> 
<cfproperty name="checkNo"> 
<cfproperty name="bankName"> 
<cfproperty name="city"> 
</cfcomponent>

The following example illustrates how you can model the table per hierarchy:

Payment.cfc (parent class)

CreditCardPayment.cfc

CheckPayment.cfc

Table per subclass without discriminator

In this model, there are separate tables for each class in the hierarchy and these tables are joined by a primary key. When the object is persisted, properties of the parent component are stored in the parent table and the remaining properties are stored in the child table.

In the preceding figure, the tables are joined by join column paymentId. You can model the tables as follows:

Payment.cfc

CreditCardpayment.cfc

CheckPayment.cfc

When an object of type CreditCardPayment is persisted, the property amount is stored in the payment table and the properties cardNo and cardType are stored in the CreditCardPayment table. The primary key of the CreditCardPayment remains the same as the primary key of the Payment table.

Table per subclass with discriminator

This model is similar to the table per subclass without discriminator strategy except that there is a discriminator column in the parent table. In addition, the child components has a disciminatorValue attribute in the cfcomponent tag.
The following example demonstrates the table per subclass with discriminator attribute:
Payment.cfc

CreditCardPayment.cfc

CheckPayment.cfc

When an object of type CreditCardPayment is persisted, the property amount is stored in the payment table and the properties cardNo and cardType are stored in the CreditCardPayment table. The primary key of CreditCardPayment remains the same as the primary key of the Payment table. The value of PaymentType is the value of disciminatorColumn attribute of the respective object.

Embedded mapping

This mapping is used when a CFC has an embedded object which also needs to be persisted along with the parent's data. The CFC of the embedded object must have the attribute embedded set to "true" on the cfcomponent tag.

The embedded object cannot be a persistent object. This feature is supported only when the hibernate mapping is explicitly defined in the hibernate mapping file (.hbmxml files).

The diagram shows two CFCs Employee and Name where EmployeeName field of the Employee.cfc is an object of Name.cfc. In the database, both these objects are persisted in the Employee table as a single row. Name object itself does not have its own identity. This mapping can be modeled as follows:
name.cfc

employee.cfc

employee.hbmxml

<hibernate-mapping >
<class name="cfc:Employee" table="Employees">
<id name="EmployeeID" type="integer" column="EmployeeID">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<component name="EmployeeName" class="cfc:Name">
<property name="LastName" type="string" column="LastName"/>
<property name="FirstName" type="string" column="FirstName"/>
<property name="Title" type="string" column="Title"/>
</component>
<property name="Designation" type="string" column="Designation"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

If the persistent CFC has a collection of embedded objects, then this mapping also has to be defined in the XML as shown in the following example. Here, employee object has a collection of IMData objects. Note that the IMData object is not persistent.
employee.cfc

IMData.cfc

employee.hbmxml

<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="cfc:Employee" table="Employees">
<id name="EmployeeID" type="integer" column="EmployeeID">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="EmployeeName" type="string" column="EmployeeName"/>
<bag name="IMIDs" table="IMData" lazy="true">
<key column="EmployeeID" />
<composite-element class="cfc:IMData">
<property name="type" type="string" column="Type"/>
<property name="ID" type="string" column="ID"/>
</composite-element>
</bag>
<property name="Designation" type="string" column="Designation"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Emp.cfm

<cfscript>
employee = EntityNew("Employee");
employee.setEmployeeName("Dan Watson");
imdata1 = new IMData();
imdata1.setType("IMClient1");
imdata1.setID("msngrId1");
imdata2 = new IMData();
imdata2.setType("IMClient 2");
imdata2.setID("msngrId2");
employee.setIMIDs([imdata1, imdata2]);
EntitySave(employee);
</cfscript>

Join mapping in a CFC

Join mapping is used to map the properties of one CFC to several tables. In this case, tables are joined using a join column. For example, consider a case where the Employee and Address tables, are mapped to a single CFC Employees. Therefore, the employee.cfc has some fields, which are persisted in Employee table and some fields that are persisted in Address table. The attributes joincolumn and table should be specified for those fields that need to be persisted in Address table. In this case, table would be Address and joinColumn would be AddressID.

Note: Hibernate uses outer join by default for join fetching. For inner join, use HQL.

Following is a sample employee.cfc
Employee.cfc

Define the ORM mapping in the Hibernate mapping file

ColdFusion can also use the standard Hibernate Mapping XML file to define the mapping between the object and the database. You can use both Java classes and CFCs in Hibernate mapping.
Note the following points when using Hibernate mapping files.

The extension of the Hibernate configuration file is *.hbmxml.
The file is placed in the Application folder.
The class name must be specified as cfc:<fully qualified name of cfc>. If a package is specified in the hibernate mapping, then specify the class name as cfc:<name of cfc>.
The entityname attribute is optional. If you do not specify this attribute, it takes the component name, by default. For example, for the component artgallery.art, the value of the entityname attribute is "Art", by default.

The entity name must be unique for an application. If there are two components with the same name (even if they are in different packages), specify different entity names for each of these components.
The following is an example of Hibernate mapping:

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class lazy="true" name="cfc:artGallery.Art" schema="APP" table="Art">
<id name="artid" type="int">
<column length="10" name="ARTID"/>
<generator class="identity"/>
</id>
<property name="artname" type="string">
<column length="50" name="ARTNAME"/>
</property>

<property name="price" type="java.math.BigDecimal">
<column length="19" name="PRICE"/>
</property>

<property name="largeimage" type="string">
<column length="30" name="LARGEIMAGE"/>
</property>

<property name="mediaid" type="int">
<column length="10" name="MEDIAID"/>
</property>

<property name="issold" type="boolean">
<column length="5" name="ISSOLD"/>
</property>
<many-to-one class="cfc:artGallery.Artists" column="artistid" name="artist"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

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Advanced mapping

Collection Mapping

Array

Syntax

Example

Attribute

Struct

Syntax

Inheritance mapping

Table per hierarchy

Table per subclass without discriminator

Table per subclass with discriminator

Embedded mapping

Join mapping in a CFC

Define the ORM mapping in the Hibernate mapping file

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