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cfparam

Last updated on Dec 4, 2025 | Also applies to ColdFusion

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Description

Tests for the existence of a parameter (that is, a variable), validates its data, and, if a default value is not assigned, optionally provides one.

History

ColdFusion 10: Added the attribute {{maxLength}}

ColdFusion MX 7:

Added min, max, and pattern attributes.
Added creditcard, email, eurodate, float, integer, range, regex, regular_expression, ssn, social_security_number, time, URL, USdate, XML, and zipcode values of the type attribute.

Syntax

<cfparam 
name = "parameter name" 
default = "value" 
max = "value" 
maxLength = "number" 
min = "value" 
pattern = "regular expression" 
type = "data_type">

Attributes

Attribute	Req/Opt	Default	Description
name	Required		Name of the parameter (variable) to test (such as "Client.Email " or "Cookie.BackgroundColor "). If omitted, and if the parameter does not exist, an error is thrown.
default	Optional		Value to set parameter to if it does not exist. Any expression used for the default attribute is evaluated, even if the parameter exists. The result is not assigned if the parameter exists, but if the expression has side effects, they still occur.
max	Optional		The maximum valid value; used only for range validation.
maxLength	Optional		Used to specify the maximum character length of email, url, and string.
min	Optional		The minimum valid value; used only for range validation.
pattern	Optional		A JavaScript regular expression that the parameter must match; used only for regex or regular_expression validation.
type	Optional	any	The valid format for the data; one of the following. For detailed information on validation algorithms, see Validating form data using hidden fields in Validating data in the Developing ColdFusion Applications. any: any type of value. array: an array of values. binary: a binary value. boolean: a Boolean value: yes, no, true, false, or a number. creditcard: a 13-16 digit number conforming to the mod10 algorithm. date or time: a date-time value. email: a valid e-mail address. eurodate: a date-time value. Any date part must be in the format dd/mm/yy. The format can use /, -, or . characters as delimiters. float or numeric: a numeric value. guid: a Universally Unique Identifier of the form "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX" where X is a hexadecimal number. integer: an integer. query: a query object. range: a numeric range, specified by the min and max attributes. regex or regular_expression: matches input against pattern attribute. ssn or social_security_number: a U.S. social security number. string: a string value or single character. struct: a structure. telephone: a standard U.S. telephone number. URL: an http, https, ftp, file, mailto, or news URL. UUID: a ColdFusion Universally Unique Identifier, formatted XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, where X is a hexadecimal number. See CreateUUID. USdate: a U.S. date of the format mm/dd/yy, with 1-2 digit days and months, 1-4 digit years. variableName: a string formatted according to ColdFusion variable naming conventions. xml: XML objects and XML strings. zipcode: U.S., 5- or 9-digit format ZIP codes.

Usage

You can use this tag to make the following tests:

To test whether a required variable exists, use this tag with only the name attribute. If it does not exist, ColdFusion stops processing the page and returns an error.
To test whether a required variable exists, and that it is of the specified type, use this tag with the name and type attributes. If the variable does not exist or its value is not of the specified type, ColdFusion returns an error.
To set a default value for the variable, use this tag with the name and default attributes. If the variable does not exist, it is created and set to the default attribute value. If the variable exists, processing continues; the value is not changed.
If you specify variableName for the typeattribute, the parameter's value must be a string that is in ColdFusion variable name format; that is, starts with a letter, underscore (_), or Unicode currency symbol, and contains letters, numbers, underscores, periods, and Unicode currency symbols, only. ColdFusion does not check whether the parameter value corresponds to an existing ColdFusion variable.

Note

To improve performance, avoid using the cfparam tag in ColdFusion functions, including in CFC methods. Instead, place the cfparam tags in the body of the CFML pages.

Example

<!--- This example shows how to use CFPARAM to define default values for page variables. ---> 
<cfparam name = "storeTempVar" default = "my default value"> 
<cfparam name = "tempVar" default = "my default value"> 

<!--- Check if form.tempVar was passed. ---> 
<cfif IsDefined("form.tempVar") is "True"> 
<!--- Check if form.tempVar is not blank. ---> 
<cfif form.tempVar is not ""> 
<!--- If not, set tempVar to value of form.tempVar ---> 
<cfset tempVar = form.tempVar> 
</cfif> 
</cfif> 

<body> 
<h3>cfparam Example</h3> 
<p>cfparam is used to set default values so that a developer does not have to 
check for the existence of a variable using a function like IsDefined.</p> 

<p>The default value of our tempVar is "<cfoutput>#StoreTempVar# </cfoutput>"</p> 

<!--- Check if tempVar is still the same as StoreTempVar and that tempVar is not blank. ---> 
<cfif tempVar is not #StoreTempVar# 
and tempVar is not ""> 
<h3>The value of tempVar has changed: the new value is 
<cfoutput>#tempVar#</cfoutput></h3> 
</cfif> 

<p> 
<form action = "cfparam.cfm" method = "post"> 
Type in a new value for tempVar, and hit submit:<br> 
<input type = "Text" name = "tempVar"> 
<input type = "Submit" name = "" value = "submit"> 
</form>

Real-world uses of the cfparam function

Contact form with optional fields

Your website has a contact form where users can submit inquiries. Some fields are optional, and you want to provide default values for fields that aren't filled in. You also need to ensure required fields exist and are of the correct type before processing the form.

Problem statement

Need to handle optional form fields gracefully
Must provide sensible default values for missing fields
Should validate that required fields exist
Need to ensure data types are correct (email, phone, and so on)

Solution

The cfparam tag sets defaults for optional fields automatically, ensures fields match expected types (email, numeric, and so on), or verifies required variables exist before processing.

<h1>Form Input Validation with Defaults Demo</h1>

<p><strong>What This Demo Shows:</strong> How to use cfparam to set defaults and validate form inputs.</p>
<hr>

<!--- Set default values for form fields using cfparam --->
<cfparam name="form.fullName" default="">
<cfparam name="form.email" default="">
<cfparam name="form.phone" default="">
<cfparam name="form.subject" default="General Inquiry">
<cfparam name="form.priority" default="Normal">
<cfparam name="form.message" default="">
<cfparam name="form.newsletter" default="false">

<h2>Example 1: Contact Form with Default Values</h2>

<cfif structKeyExists(form, "submit")>
    
    <!--- Validate required fields with type checking --->
    <cftry>
        <!--- Ensure required fields exist and are not empty --->
        <cfif len(trim(form.fullName)) EQ 0>
            <cfthrow message="Full Name is required" type="ValidationError">
        </cfif>
        
        <cfif len(trim(form.email)) EQ 0>
            <cfthrow message="Email is required" type="ValidationError">
        </cfif>
        
        <cfif len(trim(form.message)) EQ 0>
            <cfthrow message="Message is required" type="ValidationError">
        </cfif>
        
        <!--- Basic email validation --->
        <cfif NOT findNoCase("@", form.email) OR NOT findNoCase(".", form.email)>
            <cfthrow message="Please enter a valid email address" type="ValidationError">
        </cfif>
        
        <div style="background-color: ##d4edda; border: 1px solid ##c3e6cb; padding: 15px; margin: 15px 0;">
            <h3 style="color: ##155724; margin-top: 0;">✓ Form Submitted Successfully!</h3>
            <cfoutput>
                <p><strong>Name:</strong> #form.fullName#</p>
                <p><strong>Email:</strong> #form.email#</p>
                <p><strong>Phone:</strong> #len(form.phone) GT 0 ? form.phone : "(Not provided)"#</p>
                <p><strong>Subject:</strong> #form.subject#</p>
                <p><strong>Priority:</strong> #form.priority#</p>
                <p><strong>Message:</strong> #form.message#</p>
                <p><strong>Newsletter Opt-in:</strong> #form.newsletter EQ "true" ? "Yes" : "No"#</p>
            </cfoutput>
        </div>
        
        <cfcatch type="ValidationError">
            <div style="background-color: ##f8d7da; border: 1px solid ##f5c6cb; padding: 15px; margin: 15px 0;">
                <h3 style="color: ##721c24; margin-top: 0;">✗ Validation Error</h3>
                <cfoutput><p>#cfcatch.message#</p></cfoutput>
            </div>
        </cfcatch>
        
        <cfcatch type="any">
            <div style="background-color: ##f8d7da; border: 1px solid ##f5c6cb; padding: 15px; margin: 15px 0;">
                <h3 style="color: ##721c24; margin-top: 0;">✗ Error</h3>
                <cfoutput><p>#cfcatch.message#</p></cfoutput>
            </div>
        </cfcatch>
    </cftry>
</cfif>

<form method="post">
    <table cellpadding="8">
        <tr>
            <td><label>Full Name: <span style="color: red;">*</span></label></td>
            <td><input type="text" name="fullName" value="<cfoutput>#form.fullName#</cfoutput>" size="40"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label>Email: <span style="color: red;">*</span></label></td>
            <td><input type="text" name="email" value="<cfoutput>#form.email#</cfoutput>" size="40"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label>Phone: (optional)</label></td>
            <td><input type="text" name="phone" value="<cfoutput>#form.phone#</cfoutput>" size="40"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label>Subject:</label></td>
            <td>
                <select name="subject">
                    <cfset subjects = ["General Inquiry", "Sales", "Support", "Feedback"]>
                    <cfloop array="#subjects#" index="subj">
                        <cfoutput>
                            <option value="#subj#" #form.subject EQ subj ? "selected" : ""#>#subj#</option>
                        </cfoutput>
                    </cfloop>
                </select>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label>Priority:</label></td>
            <td>
                <cfset priorities = ["Low", "Normal", "High", "Urgent"]>
                <cfloop array="#priorities#" index="pri">
                    <cfoutput>
                        <input type="radio" name="priority" value="#pri#" #form.priority EQ pri ? "checked" : ""#> #pri# &nbsp;
                    </cfoutput>
                </cfloop>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label>Message: <span style="color: red;">*</span></label></td>
            <td><textarea name="message" rows="5" cols="40"><cfoutput>#form.message#</cfoutput></textarea></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">
                <input type="checkbox" name="newsletter" value="true" <cfif form.newsletter EQ "true">checked</cfif>> 
                Subscribe to newsletter
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">
                <button type="submit" name="submit">Submit Form</button>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</form>

<hr>

<h2>Example 2: Default Values Demonstration</h2>

<!--- These cfparam tags demonstrate different default values --->
<cfparam name="url.testString" default="Default Text">
<cfparam name="url.testNumber" default="100">
<cfparam name="url.testBoolean" default="false">
<cfparam name="url.testList" default="apple,banana,orange">

<p><strong>Current Values (add URL parameters to change them):</strong></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
    <tr style="background-color: ##f0f0f0;">
        <th>Parameter</th>
        <th>Value</th>
        <th>Default</th>
    </tr>
    <cfoutput>
        <tr>
            <td>url.testString</td>
            <td>#url.testString#</td>
            <td>Default Text</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>url.testNumber</td>
            <td>#url.testNumber#</td>
            <td>100</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>url.testBoolean</td>
            <td>#url.testBoolean#</td>
            <td>false</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>url.testList</td>
            <td>#url.testList#</td>
            <td>apple,banana,orange</td>
        </tr>
    </cfoutput>
</table>

<p><strong>Try it:</strong> <a href="?testString=Hello&testNumber=500&testBoolean=true&testList=cat,dog,bird">Click here to see custom values</a></p>

<hr>

Product listing with pagination

Your e-commerce site displays products with pagination. Users can navigate through pages, sort results, and filter by category. URL parameters control these features, and you need default values for clean, error-free navigation.

Problem statement

Need to handle missing URL parameters gracefully
Must validate page numbers are numeric and within range
Should provide default sort order and items per page
Need to prevent errors from invalid URL parameters
Must ensure clean URLs work without all parameters

Solution

The cfparam tag sets the correct defaults for pagination, ensures page numbers are numeric, or validates values are within acceptable ranges.

<h1>URL Pagination Parameters Demo</h1>

<p><strong>What This Demo Shows:</strong> How to use cfparam to handle URL parameters for pagination and filtering.</p>
<hr>

<!--- Set default values for URL parameters --->
<cfparam name="url.page" default="1">
<cfparam name="url.perPage" default="10">
<cfparam name="url.sortBy" default="name">
<cfparam name="url.sortOrder" default="asc">
<cfparam name="url.category" default="all">

<!--- Validate and sanitize page number --->
<cftry>
    <cfset url.page = val(url.page)>
    <cfif url.page LT 1>
        <cfset url.page = 1>
    </cfif>
    
    <cfcatch type="any">
        <cfset url.page = 1>
    </cfcatch>
</cftry>

<!--- Validate perPage --->
<cftry>
    <cfset url.perPage = val(url.perPage)>
    <cfif url.perPage LT 5 OR url.perPage GT 100>
        <cfset url.perPage = 10>
    </cfif>
    
    <cfcatch type="any">
        <cfset url.perPage = 10>
    </cfcatch>
</cftry>

<!--- Create sample product data --->
<cfscript>
    allProducts = [];
    categories = ["Electronics", "Clothing", "Books", "Home", "Sports"];
    
    for (i = 1; i LTE 47; i++) {
        categoryIndex = ((i - 1) MOD 5) + 1;
        arrayAppend(allProducts, {
            id: i,
            name: "Product " & i,
            price: randRange(10, 500),
            category: categories[categoryIndex]
        });
    }
    
    // Filter by category
    filteredProducts = [];
    if (url.category NEQ "all") {
        for (product in allProducts) {
            if (product.category EQ url.category) {
                arrayAppend(filteredProducts, product);
            }
        }
    } else {
        filteredProducts = allProducts;
    }
    
    // Sort products
    if (url.sortBy EQ "name") {
        filteredProducts.sort(function(a, b) {
            if (url.sortOrder EQ "asc") {
                return compare(a.name, b.name);
            } else {
                return compare(b.name, a.name);
            }
        });
    } else if (url.sortBy EQ "price") {
        filteredProducts.sort(function(a, b) {
            if (url.sortOrder EQ "asc") {
                return a.price - b.price;
            } else {
                return b.price - a.price;
            }
        });
    }
    
    // Calculate pagination
    totalProducts = arrayLen(filteredProducts);
    totalPages = ceiling(totalProducts / url.perPage);
    
    // Ensure page is within range
    if (url.page GT totalPages AND totalPages GT 0) {
        url.page = totalPages;
    }
    
    startRow = ((url.page - 1) * url.perPage) + 1;
    endRow = min(url.page * url.perPage, totalProducts);
    
    // Get products for current page
    pageProducts = [];
    if (totalProducts GT 0) {
        for (i = startRow; i LTE endRow; i++) {
            arrayAppend(pageProducts, filteredProducts[i]);
        }
    }
</cfscript>

<h2>Product Listing with Pagination</h2>

<!--- Display current settings --->
<div style="background-color: ##f0f0f0; padding: 15px; margin: 15px 0;">
    <cfoutput>
        <p><strong>Current Settings:</strong></p>
        <p>Page: #url.page# of #totalPages# | Items per page: #url.perPage# | Sort by: #url.sortBy# (#url.sortOrder#) | Category: #url.category#</p>
        <p>Showing products #startRow# to #endRow# of #totalProducts# total</p>
    </cfoutput>
</div>

<!--- Filter and Sort Controls --->
<form method="get" style="background-color: ##e3f2fd; padding: 15px; margin: 15px 0;">
    <table>
        <tr>
            <td><label>Category:</label></td>
            <td>
                <select name="category">
                    <cfoutput>
                        <option value="all" #url.category EQ "all" ? "selected" : ""#>All Categories</option>
                    </cfoutput>
                    <cfloop array="#categories#" index="cat">
                        <cfoutput>
                            <option value="#cat#" #url.category EQ cat ? "selected" : ""#>#cat#</option>
                        </cfoutput>
                    </cfloop>
                </select>
            </td>
            <td style="padding-left: 20px;"><label>Sort by:</label></td>
            <td>
                <select name="sortBy">
                    <cfoutput>
                        <option value="name" #url.sortBy EQ "name" ? "selected" : ""#>Name</option>
                        <option value="price" #url.sortBy EQ "price" ? "selected" : ""#>Price</option>
                    </cfoutput>
                </select>
            </td>
            <td>
                <select name="sortOrder">
                    <cfoutput>
                        <option value="asc" #url.sortOrder EQ "asc" ? "selected" : ""#>Ascending</option>
                        <option value="desc" #url.sortOrder EQ "desc" ? "selected" : ""#>Descending</option>
                    </cfoutput>
                </select>
            </td>
            <td style="padding-left: 20px;"><label>Per Page:</label></td>
            <td>
                <select name="perPage">
                    <cfset perPageOptions = [5, 10, 20, 50]>
                    <cfloop array="#perPageOptions#" index="option">
                        <cfoutput>
                            <option value="#option#" #url.perPage EQ option ? "selected" : ""#>#option#</option>
                        </cfoutput>
                    </cfloop>
                </select>
            </td>
            <td style="padding-left: 20px;">
                <button type="submit">Apply</button>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</form>

<!--- Product Grid --->
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
    <tr style="background-color: ##0066cc; color: white;">
        <th>ID</th>
        <th>Product Name</th>
        <th>Category</th>
        <th style="text-align: right;">Price</th>
    </tr>
    <cfif arrayLen(pageProducts) GT 0>
        <cfloop array="#pageProducts#" index="product">
            <cfoutput>
                <tr>
                    <td>#product.id#</td>
                    <td>#product.name#</td>
                    <td>#product.category#</td>
                    <td style="text-align: right;">$#numberFormat(product.price, "0.00")#</td>
                </tr>
            </cfoutput>
        </cfloop>
    <cfelse>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="4" style="text-align: center; padding: 20px;">No products found</td>
        </tr>
    </cfif>
</table>

<!--- Pagination Controls --->
<cfif totalPages GT 1>
    <div style="margin: 20px 0; text-align: center;">
        <cfoutput>
            <!--- Previous button --->
            <cfif url.page GT 1>
                <a href="?page=#url.page - 1#&perPage=#url.perPage#&sortBy=#url.sortBy#&sortOrder=#url.sortOrder#&category=#url.category#" style="padding: 5px 10px; background-color: ##0066cc; color: white; text-decoration: none;">&laquo; Previous</a>
            <cfelse>
                <span style="padding: 5px 10px; background-color: ##ccc; color: ##666;">&laquo; Previous</span>
            </cfif>
            
            &nbsp;
            
            <!--- Page numbers --->
            <cfloop from="1" to="#totalPages#" index="pageNum">
                <cfif pageNum EQ url.page>
                    <strong style="padding: 5px 10px; background-color: ##0066cc; color: white;">#pageNum#</strong>
                <cfelse>
                    <a href="?page=#pageNum#&perPage=#url.perPage#&sortBy=#url.sortBy#&sortOrder=#url.sortOrder#&category=#url.category#" style="padding: 5px 10px; text-decoration: none; border: 1px solid ##ddd;">#pageNum#</a>
                </cfif>
                &nbsp;
            </cfloop>
            
            <!--- Next button --->
            <cfif url.page LT totalPages>
                <a href="?page=#url.page + 1#&perPage=#url.perPage#&sortBy=#url.sortBy#&sortOrder=#url.sortOrder#&category=#url.category#" style="padding: 5px 10px; background-color: ##0066cc; color: white; text-decoration: none;">Next &raquo;</a>
            <cfelse>
                <span style="padding: 5px 10px; background-color: ##ccc; color: ##666;">Next &raquo;</span>
            </cfif>
        </cfoutput>
    </div>
</cfif>

<hr>

<h2>Try Different URLs:</h2>
<ul>
    <li><a href="?page=1&perPage=5">5 items per page</a></li>
    <li><a href="?page=2&perPage=10">Page 2 with 10 items</a></li>
    <li><a href="?sortBy=price&sortOrder=desc">Sort by price descending</a></li>
    <li><a href="?category=Electronics">Electronics only</a></li>
    <li><a href="?category=Books&sortBy=name&sortOrder=asc">Books sorted by name</a></li>
    <li><a href="?page=99">Invalid page number (auto-corrects)</a></li>
</ul>

<hr>

Product search with multiple filters

Your e-commerce application has a search feature with multiple filters (price range, rating, availability, etc.). Users can apply various combinations of filters, and you need to handle all possible combinations gracefully with sensible defaults.

Problem statement

Need to handle multiple optional search parameters
Must provide default values for all filter options
Should handle missing or invalid filter values
Need to maintain filter state during pagination

Solution

The cfparam tag sets defaults for all filter parameters, validates filter values, handles missing parameters gracefully, or maintains filter state across parameters.

<h1>Search Filter Management Demo</h1>

<p><strong>What This Demo Shows:</strong> How to use cfparam to manage multiple search filters with defaults.</p>
<hr>

<!--- Set default values for all search/filter parameters --->
<cfparam name="url.keyword" default="">
<cfparam name="url.category" default="all">
<cfparam name="url.minPrice" default="0">
<cfparam name="url.maxPrice" default="1000">
<cfparam name="url.minRating" default="0">
<cfparam name="url.inStock" default="false">
<cfparam name="url.onSale" default="false">
<cfparam name="url.sortBy" default="relevance">

<!--- Validate numeric parameters --->
<cfset url.minPrice = val(url.minPrice)>
<cfset url.maxPrice = val(url.maxPrice)>
<cfset url.minRating = val(url.minRating)>

<!--- Ensure min/max are in correct order --->
<cfif url.minPrice GT url.maxPrice>
    <cfset temp = url.minPrice>
    <cfset url.minPrice = url.maxPrice>
    <cfset url.maxPrice = temp>
</cfif>

<!--- Create sample product data --->
<cfscript>
    allProducts = [
        {name: "Laptop Pro 15", category: "Electronics", price: 899, rating: 4.5, inStock: true, onSale: false},
        {name: "Wireless Mouse", category: "Electronics", price: 29, rating: 4.0, inStock: true, onSale: true},
        {name: "Office Chair", category: "Furniture", price: 199, rating: 4.2, inStock: true, onSale: false},
        {name: "Standing Desk", category: "Furniture", price: 449, rating: 4.8, inStock: false, onSale: false},
        {name: "USB-C Cable", category: "Electronics", price: 12, rating: 3.5, inStock: true, onSale: true},
        {name: "Monitor 27in", category: "Electronics", price: 349, rating: 4.6, inStock: true, onSale: false},
        {name: "Keyboard Mechanical", category: "Electronics", price: 89, rating: 4.3, inStock: true, onSale: true},
        {name: "Desk Lamp", category: "Furniture", price: 45, rating: 4.1, inStock: true, onSale: false},
        {name: "Bookshelf", category: "Furniture", price: 129, rating: 3.9, inStock: false, onSale: false},
        {name: "Webcam HD", category: "Electronics", price: 79, rating: 4.4, inStock: true, onSale: true},
        {name: "Filing Cabinet", category: "Furniture", price: 159, rating: 4.0, inStock: true, onSale: false},
        {name: "Headphones", category: "Electronics", price: 149, rating: 4.7, inStock: true, onSale: false}
    ];
    
    // Apply filters
    filteredProducts = [];
    for (product in allProducts) {
        matchesFilters = true;
        
        // Keyword search
        if (len(trim(url.keyword)) GT 0) {
            if (NOT findNoCase(url.keyword, product.name)) {
                matchesFilters = false;
            }
        }
        
        // Category filter
        if (url.category NEQ "all" AND product.category NEQ url.category) {
            matchesFilters = false;
        }
        
        // Price range filter
        if (product.price LT url.minPrice OR product.price GT url.maxPrice) {
            matchesFilters = false;
        }
        
        // Rating filter
        if (product.rating LT url.minRating) {
            matchesFilters = false;
        }
        
        // In stock filter
        if (url.inStock EQ "true" AND NOT product.inStock) {
            matchesFilters = false;
        }
        
        // On sale filter
        if (url.onSale EQ "true" AND NOT product.onSale) {
            matchesFilters = false;
        }
        
        if (matchesFilters) {
            arrayAppend(filteredProducts, product);
        }
    }
    
    // Sort results
    if (url.sortBy EQ "price_asc") {
        filteredProducts.sort(function(a, b) { return a.price - b.price; });
    } else if (url.sortBy EQ "price_desc") {
        filteredProducts.sort(function(a, b) { return b.price - a.price; });
    } else if (url.sortBy EQ "rating") {
        filteredProducts.sort(function(a, b) { return b.rating - a.rating; });
    }
    
    totalResults = arrayLen(filteredProducts);
</cfscript>

<h2>Product Search</h2>

<!--- Search Form --->
<form method="get" style="background-color: ##f0f0f0; padding: 20px; margin: 15px 0;">
    <table cellpadding="8">
        <tr>
            <td><label><strong>Keyword:</strong></label></td>
            <td colspan="3">
                <input type="text" name="keyword" value="<cfoutput>#url.keyword#</cfoutput>" size="40" placeholder="Search products...">
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label><strong>Category:</strong></label></td>
            <td>
                <select name="category">
                    <cfoutput>
                        <option value="all" #url.category EQ "all" ? "selected" : ""#>All Categories</option>
                        <option value="Electronics" #url.category EQ "Electronics" ? "selected" : ""#>Electronics</option>
                        <option value="Furniture" #url.category EQ "Furniture" ? "selected" : ""#>Furniture</option>
                    </cfoutput>
                </select>
            </td>
            <td><label><strong>Sort by:</strong></label></td>
            <td>
                <select name="sortBy">
                    <cfoutput>
                        <option value="relevance" #url.sortBy EQ "relevance" ? "selected" : ""#>Relevance</option>
                        <option value="price_asc" #url.sortBy EQ "price_asc" ? "selected" : ""#>Price: Low to High</option>
                        <option value="price_desc" #url.sortBy EQ "price_desc" ? "selected" : ""#>Price: High to Low</option>
                        <option value="rating" #url.sortBy EQ "rating" ? "selected" : ""#>Rating</option>
                    </cfoutput>
                </select>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label><strong>Price Range:</strong></label></td>
            <td colspan="3">
                <cfoutput>
                    $<input type="text" name="minPrice" value="#url.minPrice#" size="6"> to 
                    $<input type="text" name="maxPrice" value="#url.maxPrice#" size="6">
                </cfoutput>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td><label><strong>Min Rating:</strong></label></td>
            <td>
                <select name="minRating">
                    <cfloop from="0" to="4" index="rating">
                        <cfoutput>
                            <option value="#rating#" #url.minRating EQ rating ? "selected" : ""#>
                                #rating GT 0 ? rating & "+ Stars" : "Any"#
                            </option>
                        </cfoutput>
                    </cfloop>
                </select>
            </td>
            <td colspan="2">
                <cfoutput>
                    <input type="checkbox" name="inStock" value="true" #url.inStock EQ "true" ? "checked" : ""#> In Stock Only &nbsp;&nbsp;
                    <input type="checkbox" name="onSale" value="true" #url.onSale EQ "true" ? "checked" : ""#> On Sale Only
                </cfoutput>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="4">
                <button type="submit" style="padding: 8px 20px;">Search</button> &nbsp;
                <a href="?" style="padding: 8px 20px; background-color: ##ccc; color: ##333; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block;">Clear Filters</a>
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</form>

<!--- Active Filters Display --->
<cfif len(url.keyword) GT 0 OR url.category NEQ "all" OR url.minPrice GT 0 OR url.maxPrice LT 1000 OR url.minRating GT 0 OR url.inStock EQ "true" OR url.onSale EQ "true">
    <div style="background-color: ##fff3cd; padding: 10px; margin: 15px 0; border-left: 4px solid ##ff9800;">
        <strong>Active Filters:</strong>
        <cfoutput>
            <cfif len(url.keyword) GT 0><span style="background-color: white; padding: 3px 8px; margin: 2px; border: 1px solid ##ddd;">Keyword: "#url.keyword#"</span></cfif>
            <cfif url.category NEQ "all"><span style="background-color: white; padding: 3px 8px; margin: 2px; border: 1px solid ##ddd;">Category: #url.category#</span></cfif>
            <cfif url.minPrice GT 0 OR url.maxPrice LT 1000><span style="background-color: white; padding: 3px 8px; margin: 2px; border: 1px solid ##ddd;">Price: $#url.minPrice# - $#url.maxPrice#</span></cfif>
            <cfif url.minRating GT 0><span style="background-color: white; padding: 3px 8px; margin: 2px; border: 1px solid ##ddd;">Rating: #url.minRating#+ Stars</span></cfif>
            <cfif url.inStock EQ "true"><span style="background-color: white; padding: 3px 8px; margin: 2px; border: 1px solid ##ddd;">In Stock</span></cfif>
            <cfif url.onSale EQ "true"><span style="background-color: white; padding: 3px 8px; margin: 2px; border: 1px solid ##ddd;">On Sale</span></cfif>
        </cfoutput>
    </div>
</cfif>

<!--- Results Count --->
<p><cfoutput><strong>Found #totalResults# product<cfif totalResults NEQ 1>s</cfif></strong></cfoutput></p>

<!--- Results Grid --->
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;">
    <tr style="background-color: ##0066cc; color: white;">
        <th>Product</th>
        <th>Category</th>
        <th style="text-align: right;">Price</th>
        <th style="text-align: center;">Rating</th>
        <th style="text-align: center;">Status</th>
    </tr>
    <cfif totalResults GT 0>
        <cfloop array="#filteredProducts#" index="product">
            <cfoutput>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        #product.name#
                        <cfif product.onSale><span style="background-color: ##ff5722; color: white; padding: 2px 6px; font-size: 10px; margin-left: 5px;">SALE</span></cfif>
                    </td>
                    <td>#product.category#</td>
                    <td style="text-align: right;">$#numberFormat(product.price, "0.00")#</td>
                    <td style="text-align: center;">#product.rating# ⭐</td>
                    <td style="text-align: center;">
                        <cfif product.inStock>
                            <span style="color: ##2e7d32;">✓ In Stock</span>
                        <cfelse>
                            <span style="color: ##c62828;">✗ Out of Stock</span>
                        </cfif>
                    </td>
                </tr>
            </cfoutput>
        </cfloop>
    <cfelse>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="5" style="text-align: center; padding: 30px; color: ##666;">
                No products match your search criteria. Try adjusting your filters.
            </td>
        </tr>
    </cfif>
</table>

<hr>

<h2>Quick Filter Examples:</h2>
<ul>
    <li><a href="?category=Electronics">Electronics only</a></li>
    <li><a href="?minPrice=100&maxPrice=500">Price range $100-$500</a></li>
    <li><a href="?minRating=4">4+ star ratings</a></li>
    <li><a href="?inStock=true">In stock products</a></li>
    <li><a href="?onSale=true">On sale items</a></li>
    <li><a href="?keyword=mouse&category=Electronics&inStock=true">Keyword + multiple filters</a></li>
</ul>

<hr>

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cfparam

Description

History

Category

Syntax

See also

Attributes

Usage

Example

Real-world uses of the cfparam function

Contact form with optional fields

Product listing with pagination

Product search with multiple filters

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