Open on Desktop
Adobe Help Center
InDesign Desktop Help
  • What's new
    • What’s new in Adobe InDesign
    • Release notes
    • Adobe InDesign (Beta) overview
    • Adobe InDesign Server overview
  • Get started
    • Cloud document management options
    • System and product info
      • Adobe InDesign technical requirements
      • Adobe InDesign Server technical requirements
      • Available languages
      • Supported file formats
      • Adobe InDesign FAQ
      • GPU performance in InDesign
      • Support for Windows ARM-based machines
      • Create and deploy InDesign server packages
    • Settings and preferences
      • Create and manage workspaces
      • Keyboard shortcuts
      • Customize panels
      • Interface preferences
      • Zoom and view options
      • Set general preferences
      • Reset document settings and preferences
      • Customize menus
      • Change screen modes
      • Search options to find and replace
      • Undo and redo edits
      • Manage document states using History Panel
      • Recover documents
      • Export and import user settings
      • Adjust text display quality
      • Scale the user interface
    • Toolbox
      • View and select tools
      • Change the toolbox layout
      • Use the Contextual Task Bar
      • Create layouts with hand gestures
  • Create and organize pages
    • Import and convert file to InDesign
      • Convert PDFs to InDesign documents
      • Convert PDF features and limitations
      • Import files from Creative Cloud libraries
      • Import files, graphics, and metadata
      • Convert and save QuarkXPress files
    • Create documents
      • Create new documents
      • Open documents
      • Create documents with presets
      • Create multi-page spreads
      • Change document setup, margins, and columns
    • Create and manage parent pages
      • About Parent Pages
      • Create and apply parent pages
      • Use parent page overlays
      • Edit parent pages
      • Copy parent pages
      • Delete parent pages
      • Manage parent items
      • Import parent pages
    • Create and manage book files
      • Create and save book files
      • Add documents to book files
      • Remove or replace book documents
      • Synchronize book documents
      • Convert book files from previous InDesign versions
    • Arrange and order pages
      • Add new pages to a document
      • Target or select pages or spreads
      • Change page and spread display
      • Create color labels for page thumbnails
      • Redistribute spreads and pages
      • Move pages
      • Duplicate pages and spreads
      • Hide and unhide spreads
      • Split a page from the spread
      • Rotate the spread view
      • Delete a page or spread
    • Manage layers
      • About layers
      • Create and set up layers
      • Add, move, or duplicate objects across layers
      • Manage layer visibility and stacking order
      • Lock or unlock layers
    • Page numbers, chapters, and sections
      • Add auto-update page numbers and section markers
      • Change page and chapter number formatting
      • Switch between absolute and section numbering
      • Document numbering options
      • Create running headers and footers
      • Turn off automatic page numbering for books
      • Use sequential paragraph numbering in books
  • Layout and grid tools
    • Apply layout adjustments
      • Flex Layout overview
      • Create a Flex Layout
      • Create team pages using Flex Layout
      • Apply Flex Layout properties
      • Flex Layout conflicts
      • Liquid page rules overview
      • Adjust page or spread layout
      • Change document layout settings
      • Create alternate layouts
      • Alternate layout options
    • Rulers and measure tools
      • Create ruler guides
      • Show or hide measurement and ruler guides
      • Customize ruler guides
      • Manage ruler guides
      • Snap objects to guides
      • Use smart guides
      • Change ruler measurement units
      • Measure distance between points
      • Measure angles
    • Grids
      • Create and customize layout grids
      • Use a baseline grid
      • Use a document grid
      • Convert between text frames and frame grids
      • Set frame grid properties
      • Show or hide frame grid character count
      • Show or hide grids
      • Snap objects to grids
      • Create and apply named grids to frames
      • Edit or delete named grids
      • Import grid formats from other documents
  • Generative AI features
    • Generative AI features overview
    • Generative AI in InDesign FAQ
    • Use AI Assistant
    • AI Assistant capabilities
  • Add and manage text
    • Add and manage text frames
      • Create and position text frames
      • Change text frame properties
      • View word and character counts in text frames
      • Set column rules for text frames
      • Open and use Story Editor
    • Add and import text
      • Add text to documents
      • Generate text variations
      • Use Creative Cloud text assets in InDesign documents
      • Drag and drop text within InDesign
      • Thread text frames
      • Set up smart text reflow
      • Find and replace text
      • Import text files
      • Import options
    • Type on a path
      • Add or delete type on path
      • Edit type on path
      • Apply effects to type on path
    • Conditional and variable text
      • Conditional text overview
      • Create and edit conditional text
      • Use condition sets
      • Text variables overview
      • Create and manage text variables
      • Format text variables
      • Markers types and display options
  • Format and style text
    • Text styles
      • Create and edit text styles
      • Override text styles
      • Delete text styles
      • Add and manage text styles from CC libraries
      • Find and replace text styles
      • Map styles to export tags
      • Apply sequential text styles to multiple paragraphs
      • Break the link between text and its style
      • Auto-style text
      • Apply style pack presets or create a style pack
      • Manage style packs
      • Map Word styles to InDesign text styles
      • Create GREP styles
      • Create nested styles
      • End or remove a nested style
    • Character formatting
      • Adjust line spacing with leading
      • Change text color, gradient or stroke
      • Apply transparency effects to text
      • Scale and skew type
      • Apply ligatures to letter pairs
      • Change text case
      • Apply drop caps and text positioning
    • Tabs, indents, and spacing
      • About kerning and tracking
      • Adjust kerning between characters
      • Adjust text spacing with tracking
      • Adjust text baseline and vertical position
      • Adjust text spacing
      • Control glyph scaling
      • Highlight spacing issues
      • Set and repeat tabs
      • Edit and manage tab settings
      • Specify characters for decimal tabs
      • Set indents
    • Composition and text wrapping
      • Set text composition
      • Control hyphenation and word breaks
      • Apply and manage text formatting
      • Apply text wrap
      • Add or remove paragraph rules
      • Paragraph break options
      • Apply paragraph borders and backgrounds
    • Lists and numbering
      • Create bulleted and numbered lists
      • Add or change bullet characters
      • Change numbered list options
      • Define and manage list options
      • Restart or continue numbered lists
      • Create a running list with paragraph styles
      • Create multi-level lists
      • Create running captions for figures and tables
  • Fonts
    • Fonts in InDesign
    • Install and activate fonts
    • Apply and format fonts in your document
    • OpenType font attributes
    • Preview and explore fonts
    • Find and replace fonts
  • Language and proofing
    • Language settings
      • Adobe World-Ready Composer overview
      • Change default shaping engine
      • Set language for text frames and styles
      • Assign a language and change default language
    • Arabic and Hebrew
      • Set up World-Ready composers for Arabic and Hebrew
      • Control text direction for Arabic and Hebrew
      • Justify Arabic text with automatic Kashida insertion
      • Apply ligatures to Arabic and Hebrew text
      • Adjust diacritical marks and coloring in Arabic text
      • Set digit types for Arabic and Hebrew text
      • Copy and paste Arabic and Hebrew text from Microsoft Word
    • Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
      • About Mojikumi and Yakumono in Japanese layout
      • Spacing classes and Yakumono types
      • Apply Yakumono character types in layout
      • Customize Mojikumi spacing sets
      • Set spacing priorities in Mojikumi character classes
      • Adjust spacing around Japanese punctuation
      • Use Kinsoku settings
      • Format CJK text
      • Add and update Warichu options
      • Apply Shatai to text
      • Rotate characters in East Asian text
      • Adjust aki before and after characters
      • Apply Tate‑chu‑yoko in vertical text
      • Add and format Ruby text annotations
      • Apply Kenten to text
      • Set Character Alignment for East Asian text
      • Set Gyoudori for Japanese text
    • Glyphs, characters, and expressions
      • Insert glyphs and special characters
      • Open and view glyphs
      • Replace characters with glyphs
      • Find and replace glyphs
      • Construct a GREP expression
      • Find and replace items using queries
      • Hidden character glossary
      • View or show hidden characters
      • Create and insert math expressions
      • Edit math expressions
      • Stylize math expressions
      • Find and replace with text patterns (GREP)
      • Save and manage find and replace queries
    • Manage language dictionaries
      • Add or remove Hunspell dictionary
      • Set default language dictionary
      • Manage user dictionaries
      • Add or remove words from dictionaries
      • Import or export word lists
      • Change dictionary preferences
      • Manage the Duden dictionary
      • Duden dictionary hyphenation styles
      • Select Duden spell-check styles
    • Spell check
      • Set up autocorrect and dynamic spelling
      • Check spelling
      • Set spelling preferences
  • Indexes and references
    • Add a Table of Contents
      • Table of contents planning
      • Generate and maintain a table of contents
      • Create multiple tables of contents in a document
      • Customize table of contents style
      • Export a table of contents
      • Add interactivity to a table of contents
    • Footnotes and endnotes
      • Create and manage footnotes
      • Change footnote numbering and layout options
      • Span footnotes across columns
      • Apply text wrap to footnotes
      • Create endnotes
      • Change endnote numbering and layout
      • Convert footnotes and endnotes
    • Create an Index
      • Create index entries
      • Manage and edit index entries
      • Generate and format an index
      • Index formatting options
      • Update an index
      • Add items manually to an index
    • References and bookmarks
      • Create image captions
      • Insert cross-references
      • Use cross-reference formats
      • Manage cross-references
      • Create bookmarks for PDFs
      • Rename or delete bookmarks
      • Arrange, group, and sort bookmarks
  • Add graphics and media
    • Add and edit graphics
      • Generate images with text prompts
      • Extend images beyond borders
      • Apply effects to text and shapes
      • Add images to documents
      • Add and manage graphics from CC libraries
      • Edit images
      • Import Firefly assets
      • Import options for Adobe files
      • Import options for image formats
      • Import Illustrator graphics
      • Use Adobe Stock images
      • Create contact sheets
    • Manage frames and objects
      • Convert frames and paths
      • Fit an object to its frame
      • Move a frame or its content
      • Select objects
      • Select nested or overlapping objects
      • Arrange objects in a stack
      • Crop objects
      • Add a border or background to a graphic frame
      • Apply object export options
      • Find and replace objects
    • Object libraries and snippets
      • Create and add snippets
      • Create object libraries
      • Open, close, or delete object libraries
      • Add and use objects in libraries
      • Manage library objects
      • Migrate object library assets to CC Libraries
    • Transform and arrange objects
      • Move, scale, rotate, shear, and flip objects
      • Transform multiple objects and repeat transformations
      • Object transformation settings and options
      • About anchored objects
      • Transform anchored objects
      • Create and position anchored objects
      • Manage and update anchored objects
      • Group and lock objects
      • Create hidden and nonprinting objects
      • Align or distribute objects
    • Manage links
      • Generate alt text for images
      • Links panel overview
      • Update, restore, and replace links
      • Embed or unembed an image within the document
      • Edit original artwork
    • Manage object styles
      • About object styles
      • Create, import, and apply object styles
      • Remove overrides or break object style links
      • Edit and manage object styles
    • Movies and sound
      • Add movie and sound files
      • Change movie settings
      • Change media settings for interactive PDF files
      • Relink legacy media files
      • Resize movie objects, posters, and frames
    • Animation
      • Animate objects
      • Motion preset options
      • Manage motion presets
      • Edit motion paths
      • Change animation order
    • Page transitions
      • Apply page transitions
      • Clear page transitions
      • View page transitions in PDFs
  • Add tables and data
    • Create tables
      • Create and import tables
      • Add text, graphics, and headers to tables
      • Embed a table within a table
    • Format tables
      • Select tables, rows, and columns
      • Adjust rows, columns, and cells in tables
      • Change the alignment of a table within a frame
      • Cut, copy, and paste table contents
      • Move, copy, and duplicate tables, rows, and columns
      • Format text in tables
      • Combine tables
      • Break tables across frames
      • Convert tables to text
    • Table and cell styles
      • Define and apply table and cell styles
      • Apply table cell styles
      • Import table and cell styles
      • Manage table and cell styles
      • Base one table or cell style on another
      • Override table style
    • Strokes and fills
      • Add strokes and fills to cells
      • Add alternating strokes and fills
      • Add diagonal lines to a cell
      • Table stroke and fill options
      • Change table border settings
  • Interactive elements and forms
    • Buttons
      • Create and add buttons
      • Convert buttons to objects
      • Create interactive buttons
      • Creating cross-document button jumps
      • Change and manage button appearance
      • Create multiple versions of an object
      • Create hidden buttons with rollover effects
      • Set the tab order
    • Hyperlinks
      • Create hyperlinks
      • Hyperlink appearance options
      • Manage hyperlinks
    • QR Codes
      • Generate QR codes
      • Modify and style QR codes
    • Forms and PDFs
      • Interactive PDF options
      • Preview and present interactive documents
      • Accessible PDFs
      • Use tags to create accessible PDFs
      • Set reading order
      • Create fillable forms
      • Export to interactive PDFs
  • Create lines and shapes
    • Drawing tools
      • Types of paths and shapes
      • Draw with the pencil tool
      • Pencil tool styles
      • Draw lines with the pen tool
      • Reposition anchor points as you draw
      • Manage automatic pen tool switching
    • Draw lines and shapes
      • Draw basic lines and shapes
      • Draw multiple objects as a grid
      • Create and customize placeholder frames
    • Edit and style paths
      • Edit and reshape paths
      • Add or delete anchor points
      • Convert anchor points
      • Extend, join, and convert paths
      • Apply and save line stroke styles
      • Line stroke options and settings
      • Add start and end shapes to lines
      • Apply corner effects to frames
    • Combine and convert paths
      • Create paths from text outlines
      • Create compound paths
      • Fill empty spaces in compound paths
      • Break out compound paths
      • Create compound shapes
      • Apply clipping paths to graphics
  • Apply color
    • Define and manage color assets
      • Apply color to text, objects, and backgrounds
      • Mix and define custom colors
      • Organize and reuse color swatches
      • Add and manage colors from CC libraries
      • Sample colors from placed graphics
      • Apply colors to grayscale images
      • Find and replace colors
      • Swatch types
      • Create and define new swatches
      • Modify and delete swatches
      • Import and share swatch libraries
      • Create and edit tints
      • Create mixed ink swatches and groups
      • Edit and convert mixed ink swatches
    • Advanced color techniques
      • Apply opacity and transparency effects
      • Transparency effects options and settings
      • Change transparency display settings
      • Apply blending modes
      • Blending mode options
      • Control blending with isolation and knockouts
      • Create and name gradient swatches
      • Modify and adjust gradients
      • Transparency flattening overview
      • Apply flattener presets for output
      • Create custom transparency flattener presets
      • Transparency Flattener preset options
      • Fix transparency flattener preview
  • Collaborate and review
    • Track changes and review
      • Track text changes
      • Review tracked text changes
      • Set preferences for Track Changes
      • Add and manage editorial notes
    • Share and collaborate
      • Share for review overview
      • Share documents with review links
      • Review a shared InDesign document
      • Manage feedback for shared documents
      • Edit InDesign documents with InCopy on the web (beta)
      • View custom fonts
      • Invite collaborators to edit cloud documents
      • Import PDF comments
      • Create and share projects
      • Add files to projects
    • Edit with InCopy
      • About assignment files between InDesign and InCopy
      • Set user identification
      • Set up assignment packages for InCopy workflows
      • Create and manage assignments
      • Relink or unlink assignment files
      • Open and update managed content
      • Check in and check out content
      • Save managed layout changes
      • Workflow icons for managed files
  • Save, export, and publish
    • Save and export
      • Save documents
      • Add, edit, and export file metadata
      • Export to XML
      • Export documents as separate InCopy files
      • Export PDFs for printing
      • Manage PDF presets
      • Export pages, objects, and text
      • JPEG and PNG export options
      • Adobe PDF export options in InDesign
    • Export to EPUB
      • Export to EPUB
      • EPUB export options in InDesign
      • Accessibility features while exporting to EPUB
      • Accessibility enhancements for indexes
      • Adjust text resizing for accessibility
      • Add ARIA role while exporting to EPUB
      • Add ARIA labels to objects
      • EPUB export support and limitations
      • Create accessible glossaries
    • Export to HTML and web
      • Export to Adobe Express
      • Create and manage articles
      • Export to HTML (Legacy)
      • HTML export options
      • Export content as HTML5
      • HTML5 export options
    • Publish work online
      • Publish InDesign documents online
      • Set up Google Analytics for published documents
      • Publish Online FAQ
  • Print
    • Page setup and printer marks
      • Change page position on media
      • Object printing options
      • Specify which layers to print
      • Specify paper size and orientation
      • Specify page range
      • Print documents with mixed page sizes
      • Set printer's marks
      • Print bleed and slug areas
    • Ink and color management
      • Manage inks for separation
      • Customize spot color appearance
      • Specify halftone frequency and resolution
      • Use spot colors for printing
      • Process colors (CMYK) overview
      • Emulsion and image exposure settings
    • Color output and separations
      • About color separations
      • Prepare documents for color separation
      • Create color separations
      • Save and print color separations
      • Print gradients as separations
      • About ink trapping
      • Trap a document or a book
      • Trap preset options
      • Set the trap width for colors next to black
      • Print a composite
      • Use color management when printing
      • Color output options
      • Print objects on all color plates
      • About overprinting
      • Overprint strokes and fills
      • Overprint paragraph and footnote rules
      • Simulate spot ink overprinting
      • Change the black overprint setting
      • Preview color separations and ink coverage
    • Preflight
      • Configure and use the preflight panel
      • Create and manage preflight profiles
      • View and resolve preflight errors
      • Turn on or off live preflight
      • Preflight book files
      • Package InDesign files for output
    • Print booklets
      • Impose documents for booklet printing
      • Booklet types
      • Spacing, bleed, and margin options for booklet printing
      • Adjust creep settings in booklets
      • Preview booklet printing
    • Print production and file creation
      • Set up a printer
      • Print documents and books
      • Print as bitmap
      • Create and manage print presets
      • Produce print-ready PDF files
      • Print or export book files
      • About PostScript and EPS files
      • Create PostScript files
      • Print oversized documents
      • Scale documents for printing
  • Automation and scripting
    • Merge data
      • Data merging overview
      • Merge data
      • Data source files overview
      • Set up target documents
      • Add QR codes to merged documents
      • Add and edit data fields
      • Update, remove, or replace data source files
      • Preview records in the target document
      • Edit data field placeholders
      • Set content placement options
      • Merge records
    • Document automation
      • Link and update content across documents
      • Automate workflows with scripts
      • Structure and tag documents for XML
      • Automated workflows overview
      • Import XML data into InDesign
  • App integrations
    • Access Express templates from InDesign
    • Adobe Capture plugin
    • Create InDesign plug-ins with UXP
    • Use Adobe Bridge with InDesign
    • Manage assets in Creative Cloud Libraries
    • Creative Cloud add-on integrations
    • Install plug-ins
    • Share libraries with Creative Cloud users
    • Illustrator integration with InDesign
    • Manage project assets with Creative Cloud Libraries
  • Troubleshoot
    • Known and fixed issues
    • Launch and crash issues
      • Submit a crash report
      • Crash or Error 2 when saving documents
      • Launch issues after Windows update
      • InDesign Rosetta version won’t open in future macOS releases
      • App launch issues on Windows
      • App running slower than usual
      • Damaged fonts crash errors
      • Corrupt VCRuntime crash error
      • Crash during print setup on Windows
      • Crash while working with remote libraries
      • Crash while using GPU rendering on macOS
      • Crash, freeze, or app open issues at launch
      • Authentication failure
      • Crash due to font issues
      • Crash on lost network connection
      • Access denied errors
      • Startup crash loop
      • Crash on launch while recovering a damaged document
    • File and output issues
      • Can't open PDF files created in InDesign
      • File already open error
      • Damaged or corrupt documents
      • Insufficient system memory errors
      • Unable to export InDesign files to PDF
      • Recover InDesign documents
      • Printing and PDF export errors
      • PDF export fails when downsampling large images
      • Graphics appear pixelated, fuzzy, or grainy
      • Received an error when working with HEIF or HEIC files
      • Adobe Print Engine output failures
      • Page and layout options unavailable
      • Can’t open documents in previous versions
      • Error codes while using publish online
      • InDesign PDF export hangs in the background
      • InDesign documents won't print
    • Font and plugin issues
      • Missing font error
      • Third-party plugin issues
    • Settings, interface, and feature issues
      • Feature keyboard shortcuts don’t work
      • InDesign preferences and support file locations
      • Data merge fails with absolute paths on macOS
      • Pages panel scroll bar missing or UI elements disappear
      • Missing user dictionaries
      • Error 195 during InDesign installation
      • InDesign Server activates as Developer Edition
      • InDesign Server license fails after VM move
      • InDesign Server licensing issues
    • Cloud collaboration and web issues
      • Creative Cloud issues with InDesign
      • Issues sharing documents for review
      • HTML preview unavailable
Adobe Help Center
InDesign Desktop Help
  • What's new
    • What’s new in Adobe InDesign
    • Release notes
    • Adobe InDesign (Beta) overview
    • Adobe InDesign Server overview
  • Get started
    • Cloud document management options
    • System and product info
      • Adobe InDesign technical requirements
      • Adobe InDesign Server technical requirements
      • Available languages
      • Supported file formats
      • Adobe InDesign FAQ
      • GPU performance in InDesign
      • Support for Windows ARM-based machines
      • Create and deploy InDesign server packages
    • Settings and preferences
      • Create and manage workspaces
      • Keyboard shortcuts
      • Customize panels
      • Interface preferences
      • Zoom and view options
      • Set general preferences
      • Reset document settings and preferences
      • Customize menus
      • Change screen modes
      • Search options to find and replace
      • Undo and redo edits
      • Manage document states using History Panel
      • Recover documents
      • Export and import user settings
      • Adjust text display quality
      • Scale the user interface
    • Toolbox
      • View and select tools
      • Change the toolbox layout
      • Use the Contextual Task Bar
      • Create layouts with hand gestures
  • Create and organize pages
    • Import and convert file to InDesign
      • Convert PDFs to InDesign documents
      • Convert PDF features and limitations
      • Import files from Creative Cloud libraries
      • Import files, graphics, and metadata
      • Convert and save QuarkXPress files
    • Create documents
      • Create new documents
      • Open documents
      • Create documents with presets
      • Create multi-page spreads
      • Change document setup, margins, and columns
    • Create and manage parent pages
      • About Parent Pages
      • Create and apply parent pages
      • Use parent page overlays
      • Edit parent pages
      • Copy parent pages
      • Delete parent pages
      • Manage parent items
      • Import parent pages
    • Create and manage book files
      • Create and save book files
      • Add documents to book files
      • Remove or replace book documents
      • Synchronize book documents
      • Convert book files from previous InDesign versions
    • Arrange and order pages
      • Add new pages to a document
      • Target or select pages or spreads
      • Change page and spread display
      • Create color labels for page thumbnails
      • Redistribute spreads and pages
      • Move pages
      • Duplicate pages and spreads
      • Hide and unhide spreads
      • Split a page from the spread
      • Rotate the spread view
      • Delete a page or spread
    • Manage layers
      • About layers
      • Create and set up layers
      • Add, move, or duplicate objects across layers
      • Manage layer visibility and stacking order
      • Lock or unlock layers
    • Page numbers, chapters, and sections
      • Add auto-update page numbers and section markers
      • Change page and chapter number formatting
      • Switch between absolute and section numbering
      • Document numbering options
      • Create running headers and footers
      • Turn off automatic page numbering for books
      • Use sequential paragraph numbering in books
  • Layout and grid tools
    • Apply layout adjustments
      • Flex Layout overview
      • Create a Flex Layout
      • Create team pages using Flex Layout
      • Apply Flex Layout properties
      • Flex Layout conflicts
      • Liquid page rules overview
      • Adjust page or spread layout
      • Change document layout settings
      • Create alternate layouts
      • Alternate layout options
    • Rulers and measure tools
      • Create ruler guides
      • Show or hide measurement and ruler guides
      • Customize ruler guides
      • Manage ruler guides
      • Snap objects to guides
      • Use smart guides
      • Change ruler measurement units
      • Measure distance between points
      • Measure angles
    • Grids
      • Create and customize layout grids
      • Use a baseline grid
      • Use a document grid
      • Convert between text frames and frame grids
      • Set frame grid properties
      • Show or hide frame grid character count
      • Show or hide grids
      • Snap objects to grids
      • Create and apply named grids to frames
      • Edit or delete named grids
      • Import grid formats from other documents
  • Generative AI features
    • Generative AI features overview
    • Generative AI in InDesign FAQ
    • Use AI Assistant
    • AI Assistant capabilities
  • Add and manage text
    • Add and manage text frames
      • Create and position text frames
      • Change text frame properties
      • View word and character counts in text frames
      • Set column rules for text frames
      • Open and use Story Editor
    • Add and import text
      • Add text to documents
      • Generate text variations
      • Use Creative Cloud text assets in InDesign documents
      • Drag and drop text within InDesign
      • Thread text frames
      • Set up smart text reflow
      • Find and replace text
      • Import text files
      • Import options
    • Type on a path
      • Add or delete type on path
      • Edit type on path
      • Apply effects to type on path
    • Conditional and variable text
      • Conditional text overview
      • Create and edit conditional text
      • Use condition sets
      • Text variables overview
      • Create and manage text variables
      • Format text variables
      • Markers types and display options
  • Format and style text
    • Text styles
      • Create and edit text styles
      • Override text styles
      • Delete text styles
      • Add and manage text styles from CC libraries
      • Find and replace text styles
      • Map styles to export tags
      • Apply sequential text styles to multiple paragraphs
      • Break the link between text and its style
      • Auto-style text
      • Apply style pack presets or create a style pack
      • Manage style packs
      • Map Word styles to InDesign text styles
      • Create GREP styles
      • Create nested styles
      • End or remove a nested style
    • Character formatting
      • Adjust line spacing with leading
      • Change text color, gradient or stroke
      • Apply transparency effects to text
      • Scale and skew type
      • Apply ligatures to letter pairs
      • Change text case
      • Apply drop caps and text positioning
    • Tabs, indents, and spacing
      • About kerning and tracking
      • Adjust kerning between characters
      • Adjust text spacing with tracking
      • Adjust text baseline and vertical position
      • Adjust text spacing
      • Control glyph scaling
      • Highlight spacing issues
      • Set and repeat tabs
      • Edit and manage tab settings
      • Specify characters for decimal tabs
      • Set indents
    • Composition and text wrapping
      • Set text composition
      • Control hyphenation and word breaks
      • Apply and manage text formatting
      • Apply text wrap
      • Add or remove paragraph rules
      • Paragraph break options
      • Apply paragraph borders and backgrounds
    • Lists and numbering
      • Create bulleted and numbered lists
      • Add or change bullet characters
      • Change numbered list options
      • Define and manage list options
      • Restart or continue numbered lists
      • Create a running list with paragraph styles
      • Create multi-level lists
      • Create running captions for figures and tables
  • Fonts
    • Fonts in InDesign
    • Install and activate fonts
    • Apply and format fonts in your document
    • OpenType font attributes
    • Preview and explore fonts
    • Find and replace fonts
  • Language and proofing
    • Language settings
      • Adobe World-Ready Composer overview
      • Change default shaping engine
      • Set language for text frames and styles
      • Assign a language and change default language
    • Arabic and Hebrew
      • Set up World-Ready composers for Arabic and Hebrew
      • Control text direction for Arabic and Hebrew
      • Justify Arabic text with automatic Kashida insertion
      • Apply ligatures to Arabic and Hebrew text
      • Adjust diacritical marks and coloring in Arabic text
      • Set digit types for Arabic and Hebrew text
      • Copy and paste Arabic and Hebrew text from Microsoft Word
    • Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
      • About Mojikumi and Yakumono in Japanese layout
      • Spacing classes and Yakumono types
      • Apply Yakumono character types in layout
      • Customize Mojikumi spacing sets
      • Set spacing priorities in Mojikumi character classes
      • Adjust spacing around Japanese punctuation
      • Use Kinsoku settings
      • Format CJK text
      • Add and update Warichu options
      • Apply Shatai to text
      • Rotate characters in East Asian text
      • Adjust aki before and after characters
      • Apply Tate‑chu‑yoko in vertical text
      • Add and format Ruby text annotations
      • Apply Kenten to text
      • Set Character Alignment for East Asian text
      • Set Gyoudori for Japanese text
    • Glyphs, characters, and expressions
      • Insert glyphs and special characters
      • Open and view glyphs
      • Replace characters with glyphs
      • Find and replace glyphs
      • Construct a GREP expression
      • Find and replace items using queries
      • Hidden character glossary
      • View or show hidden characters
      • Create and insert math expressions
      • Edit math expressions
      • Stylize math expressions
      • Find and replace with text patterns (GREP)
      • Save and manage find and replace queries
    • Manage language dictionaries
      • Add or remove Hunspell dictionary
      • Set default language dictionary
      • Manage user dictionaries
      • Add or remove words from dictionaries
      • Import or export word lists
      • Change dictionary preferences
      • Manage the Duden dictionary
      • Duden dictionary hyphenation styles
      • Select Duden spell-check styles
    • Spell check
      • Set up autocorrect and dynamic spelling
      • Check spelling
      • Set spelling preferences
  • Indexes and references
    • Add a Table of Contents
      • Table of contents planning
      • Generate and maintain a table of contents
      • Create multiple tables of contents in a document
      • Customize table of contents style
      • Export a table of contents
      • Add interactivity to a table of contents
    • Footnotes and endnotes
      • Create and manage footnotes
      • Change footnote numbering and layout options
      • Span footnotes across columns
      • Apply text wrap to footnotes
      • Create endnotes
      • Change endnote numbering and layout
      • Convert footnotes and endnotes
    • Create an Index
      • Create index entries
      • Manage and edit index entries
      • Generate and format an index
      • Index formatting options
      • Update an index
      • Add items manually to an index
    • References and bookmarks
      • Create image captions
      • Insert cross-references
      • Use cross-reference formats
      • Manage cross-references
      • Create bookmarks for PDFs
      • Rename or delete bookmarks
      • Arrange, group, and sort bookmarks
  • Add graphics and media
    • Add and edit graphics
      • Generate images with text prompts
      • Extend images beyond borders
      • Apply effects to text and shapes
      • Add images to documents
      • Add and manage graphics from CC libraries
      • Edit images
      • Import Firefly assets
      • Import options for Adobe files
      • Import options for image formats
      • Import Illustrator graphics
      • Use Adobe Stock images
      • Create contact sheets
    • Manage frames and objects
      • Convert frames and paths
      • Fit an object to its frame
      • Move a frame or its content
      • Select objects
      • Select nested or overlapping objects
      • Arrange objects in a stack
      • Crop objects
      • Add a border or background to a graphic frame
      • Apply object export options
      • Find and replace objects
    • Object libraries and snippets
      • Create and add snippets
      • Create object libraries
      • Open, close, or delete object libraries
      • Add and use objects in libraries
      • Manage library objects
      • Migrate object library assets to CC Libraries
    • Transform and arrange objects
      • Move, scale, rotate, shear, and flip objects
      • Transform multiple objects and repeat transformations
      • Object transformation settings and options
      • About anchored objects
      • Transform anchored objects
      • Create and position anchored objects
      • Manage and update anchored objects
      • Group and lock objects
      • Create hidden and nonprinting objects
      • Align or distribute objects
    • Manage links
      • Generate alt text for images
      • Links panel overview
      • Update, restore, and replace links
      • Embed or unembed an image within the document
      • Edit original artwork
    • Manage object styles
      • About object styles
      • Create, import, and apply object styles
      • Remove overrides or break object style links
      • Edit and manage object styles
    • Movies and sound
      • Add movie and sound files
      • Change movie settings
      • Change media settings for interactive PDF files
      • Relink legacy media files
      • Resize movie objects, posters, and frames
    • Animation
      • Animate objects
      • Motion preset options
      • Manage motion presets
      • Edit motion paths
      • Change animation order
    • Page transitions
      • Apply page transitions
      • Clear page transitions
      • View page transitions in PDFs
  • Add tables and data
    • Create tables
      • Create and import tables
      • Add text, graphics, and headers to tables
      • Embed a table within a table
    • Format tables
      • Select tables, rows, and columns
      • Adjust rows, columns, and cells in tables
      • Change the alignment of a table within a frame
      • Cut, copy, and paste table contents
      • Move, copy, and duplicate tables, rows, and columns
      • Format text in tables
      • Combine tables
      • Break tables across frames
      • Convert tables to text
    • Table and cell styles
      • Define and apply table and cell styles
      • Apply table cell styles
      • Import table and cell styles
      • Manage table and cell styles
      • Base one table or cell style on another
      • Override table style
    • Strokes and fills
      • Add strokes and fills to cells
      • Add alternating strokes and fills
      • Add diagonal lines to a cell
      • Table stroke and fill options
      • Change table border settings
  • Interactive elements and forms
    • Buttons
      • Create and add buttons
      • Convert buttons to objects
      • Create interactive buttons
      • Creating cross-document button jumps
      • Change and manage button appearance
      • Create multiple versions of an object
      • Create hidden buttons with rollover effects
      • Set the tab order
    • Hyperlinks
      • Create hyperlinks
      • Hyperlink appearance options
      • Manage hyperlinks
    • QR Codes
      • Generate QR codes
      • Modify and style QR codes
    • Forms and PDFs
      • Interactive PDF options
      • Preview and present interactive documents
      • Accessible PDFs
      • Use tags to create accessible PDFs
      • Set reading order
      • Create fillable forms
      • Export to interactive PDFs
  • Create lines and shapes
    • Drawing tools
      • Types of paths and shapes
      • Draw with the pencil tool
      • Pencil tool styles
      • Draw lines with the pen tool
      • Reposition anchor points as you draw
      • Manage automatic pen tool switching
    • Draw lines and shapes
      • Draw basic lines and shapes
      • Draw multiple objects as a grid
      • Create and customize placeholder frames
    • Edit and style paths
      • Edit and reshape paths
      • Add or delete anchor points
      • Convert anchor points
      • Extend, join, and convert paths
      • Apply and save line stroke styles
      • Line stroke options and settings
      • Add start and end shapes to lines
      • Apply corner effects to frames
    • Combine and convert paths
      • Create paths from text outlines
      • Create compound paths
      • Fill empty spaces in compound paths
      • Break out compound paths
      • Create compound shapes
      • Apply clipping paths to graphics
  • Apply color
    • Define and manage color assets
      • Apply color to text, objects, and backgrounds
      • Mix and define custom colors
      • Organize and reuse color swatches
      • Add and manage colors from CC libraries
      • Sample colors from placed graphics
      • Apply colors to grayscale images
      • Find and replace colors
      • Swatch types
      • Create and define new swatches
      • Modify and delete swatches
      • Import and share swatch libraries
      • Create and edit tints
      • Create mixed ink swatches and groups
      • Edit and convert mixed ink swatches
    • Advanced color techniques
      • Apply opacity and transparency effects
      • Transparency effects options and settings
      • Change transparency display settings
      • Apply blending modes
      • Blending mode options
      • Control blending with isolation and knockouts
      • Create and name gradient swatches
      • Modify and adjust gradients
      • Transparency flattening overview
      • Apply flattener presets for output
      • Create custom transparency flattener presets
      • Transparency Flattener preset options
      • Fix transparency flattener preview
  • Collaborate and review
    • Track changes and review
      • Track text changes
      • Review tracked text changes
      • Set preferences for Track Changes
      • Add and manage editorial notes
    • Share and collaborate
      • Share for review overview
      • Share documents with review links
      • Review a shared InDesign document
      • Manage feedback for shared documents
      • Edit InDesign documents with InCopy on the web (beta)
      • View custom fonts
      • Invite collaborators to edit cloud documents
      • Import PDF comments
      • Create and share projects
      • Add files to projects
    • Edit with InCopy
      • About assignment files between InDesign and InCopy
      • Set user identification
      • Set up assignment packages for InCopy workflows
      • Create and manage assignments
      • Relink or unlink assignment files
      • Open and update managed content
      • Check in and check out content
      • Save managed layout changes
      • Workflow icons for managed files
  • Save, export, and publish
    • Save and export
      • Save documents
      • Add, edit, and export file metadata
      • Export to XML
      • Export documents as separate InCopy files
      • Export PDFs for printing
      • Manage PDF presets
      • Export pages, objects, and text
      • JPEG and PNG export options
      • Adobe PDF export options in InDesign
    • Export to EPUB
      • Export to EPUB
      • EPUB export options in InDesign
      • Accessibility features while exporting to EPUB
      • Accessibility enhancements for indexes
      • Adjust text resizing for accessibility
      • Add ARIA role while exporting to EPUB
      • Add ARIA labels to objects
      • EPUB export support and limitations
      • Create accessible glossaries
    • Export to HTML and web
      • Export to Adobe Express
      • Create and manage articles
      • Export to HTML (Legacy)
      • HTML export options
      • Export content as HTML5
      • HTML5 export options
    • Publish work online
      • Publish InDesign documents online
      • Set up Google Analytics for published documents
      • Publish Online FAQ
  • Print
    • Page setup and printer marks
      • Change page position on media
      • Object printing options
      • Specify which layers to print
      • Specify paper size and orientation
      • Specify page range
      • Print documents with mixed page sizes
      • Set printer's marks
      • Print bleed and slug areas
    • Ink and color management
      • Manage inks for separation
      • Customize spot color appearance
      • Specify halftone frequency and resolution
      • Use spot colors for printing
      • Process colors (CMYK) overview
      • Emulsion and image exposure settings
    • Color output and separations
      • About color separations
      • Prepare documents for color separation
      • Create color separations
      • Save and print color separations
      • Print gradients as separations
      • About ink trapping
      • Trap a document or a book
      • Trap preset options
      • Set the trap width for colors next to black
      • Print a composite
      • Use color management when printing
      • Color output options
      • Print objects on all color plates
      • About overprinting
      • Overprint strokes and fills
      • Overprint paragraph and footnote rules
      • Simulate spot ink overprinting
      • Change the black overprint setting
      • Preview color separations and ink coverage
    • Preflight
      • Configure and use the preflight panel
      • Create and manage preflight profiles
      • View and resolve preflight errors
      • Turn on or off live preflight
      • Preflight book files
      • Package InDesign files for output
    • Print booklets
      • Impose documents for booklet printing
      • Booklet types
      • Spacing, bleed, and margin options for booklet printing
      • Adjust creep settings in booklets
      • Preview booklet printing
    • Print production and file creation
      • Set up a printer
      • Print documents and books
      • Print as bitmap
      • Create and manage print presets
      • Produce print-ready PDF files
      • Print or export book files
      • About PostScript and EPS files
      • Create PostScript files
      • Print oversized documents
      • Scale documents for printing
  • Automation and scripting
    • Merge data
      • Data merging overview
      • Merge data
      • Data source files overview
      • Set up target documents
      • Add QR codes to merged documents
      • Add and edit data fields
      • Update, remove, or replace data source files
      • Preview records in the target document
      • Edit data field placeholders
      • Set content placement options
      • Merge records
    • Document automation
      • Link and update content across documents
      • Automate workflows with scripts
      • Structure and tag documents for XML
      • Automated workflows overview
      • Import XML data into InDesign
  • App integrations
    • Access Express templates from InDesign
    • Adobe Capture plugin
    • Create InDesign plug-ins with UXP
    • Use Adobe Bridge with InDesign
    • Manage assets in Creative Cloud Libraries
    • Creative Cloud add-on integrations
    • Install plug-ins
    • Share libraries with Creative Cloud users
    • Illustrator integration with InDesign
    • Manage project assets with Creative Cloud Libraries
  • Troubleshoot
    • Known and fixed issues
    • Launch and crash issues
      • Submit a crash report
      • Crash or Error 2 when saving documents
      • Launch issues after Windows update
      • InDesign Rosetta version won’t open in future macOS releases
      • App launch issues on Windows
      • App running slower than usual
      • Damaged fonts crash errors
      • Corrupt VCRuntime crash error
      • Crash during print setup on Windows
      • Crash while working with remote libraries
      • Crash while using GPU rendering on macOS
      • Crash, freeze, or app open issues at launch
      • Authentication failure
      • Crash due to font issues
      • Crash on lost network connection
      • Access denied errors
      • Startup crash loop
      • Crash on launch while recovering a damaged document
    • File and output issues
      • Can't open PDF files created in InDesign
      • File already open error
      • Damaged or corrupt documents
      • Insufficient system memory errors
      • Unable to export InDesign files to PDF
      • Recover InDesign documents
      • Printing and PDF export errors
      • PDF export fails when downsampling large images
      • Graphics appear pixelated, fuzzy, or grainy
      • Received an error when working with HEIF or HEIC files
      • Adobe Print Engine output failures
      • Page and layout options unavailable
      • Can’t open documents in previous versions
      • Error codes while using publish online
      • InDesign PDF export hangs in the background
      • InDesign documents won't print
    • Font and plugin issues
      • Missing font error
      • Third-party plugin issues
    • Settings, interface, and feature issues
      • Feature keyboard shortcuts don’t work
      • InDesign preferences and support file locations
      • Data merge fails with absolute paths on macOS
      • Pages panel scroll bar missing or UI elements disappear
      • Missing user dictionaries
      • Error 195 during InDesign installation
      • InDesign Server activates as Developer Edition
      • InDesign Server license fails after VM move
      • InDesign Server licensing issues
    • Cloud collaboration and web issues
      • Creative Cloud issues with InDesign
      • Issues sharing documents for review
      • HTML preview unavailable

Get started

System and product info

  • Adobe InDesign technical requirements

  • Adobe InDesign Server technical requirements

  • Available languages

  • Supported file formats

  • Adobe InDesign FAQ

  • GPU performance in InDesign

  • Support for Windows ARM-based machines

  • Create and deploy InDesign server packages

Settings and preferences

  • Create and manage workspaces

  • Keyboard shortcuts

  • Customize panels

  • Interface preferences

  • Zoom and view options

  • Set general preferences

  • Reset document settings and preferences

  • Customize menus

  • Change screen modes

  • Search options to find and replace

  • Undo and redo edits

  • Manage document states using History Panel

  • Recover documents

  • Export and import user settings

  • Adjust text display quality

  • Scale the user interface

View more View less

Toolbox

  • View and select tools

  • Change the toolbox layout

  • Use the Contextual Task Bar

  • Create layouts with hand gestures

  • Cloud document management options

Learn

card-link-icon

Learn with step-by-step video tutorials and hands-on guidance right in the app.

Community

card-link-icon

Join discussions, find answers, learn from experts, and share your knowledge.

Adobe Home

card-link-icon

Access your favorite Creative Cloud apps, services, file management, and more.

Language Navigation

Language Navigation

Choose a region

Selecting a region changes the language and/or content on Adobe.com.

  • Americas

  • Brasil
  • Canada - English
  • Canada - Français
  • Latinoamérica
  • México
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
  • Perú
  • Chile
  • United States
  • Asia Pacific

  • Australia
  • Hong Kong S.A.R. of China
  • India - English
  • Indonesia - English
  • Malaysia - English
  • New Zealand
  • Philippines - English
  • Vietnam - English
  • 中国
  • 中國香港特別行政區
  • 台灣地區
  • 日本
  • Indonesia
  • Malaysia
  • Pilipinas
  • Việt Nam
  • भारत
  • 한국
  • Singapore
  • Thailand - English
  • ประเทศไทย
  • Europe, Middle East and Africa

  • Africa - English
  • België - Nederlands
  • Belgique - Français
  • Belgium - English
  • Česká republika
  • Danmark
  • Deutschland
  • Eesti
  • España
  • France
  • Greece - English
  • Ireland
  • Israel - English
  • Italia
  • Latvija
  • Lietuva
  • Luxembourg - Deutsch
  • Luxembourg - English
  • Luxembourg - Français
  • Magyarország
  • Middle East and North Africa - English
  • Nederland
  • Norge
  • Österreich
  • Polska
  • Portugal
  • România
  • Schweiz
  • Slovenija
  • Slovensko
  • Suisse
  • Suomi
  • Svizzera
  • Türkiye
  • United Kingdom
  • България
  • Россия
  • Україна
  • الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا - اللغة العربية
  • ישראל - עברית
  • Sverige
  • Saudi Arabia - English
  • United Arab Emirates - English
  • الإمارات العربية المتحدة
  • المملكة العربية السعودية