Flatten layers in an image

Last updated on Oct 6, 2026

Merge all visible layers into a single background layer to reduce file size and simplify your document.

Flattening permanently combines all visible layers into a single background layer, making your file smaller and simpler to manage.

Use flattening operation to merge all visible layers into the background, discards hidden layers, and fill any transparent areas with white. This process significantly reduces file size by eliminating the overhead of storing multiple layers, blend modes, and layer effects. Learn how to merge and stamp layers if you need to preserve layer structure while combining specific layers.

Choose flattening when you've completed all editing and no longer need to adjust individual elements. Choose merging when you want to simplify specific layer groups while maintaining flexibility elsewhere in your composition.

Alert

Flattening is permanent and results in data loss. Save a copy of your layered file before flattening to avoid destructive editing.

Flatten an entire image

Select Layer > Flatten Image.

Review the Layers panel to confirm all visible layers have merged into a single Background layer.

Select File > Save or Save As to preserve your flattened image.

Flatten all layer effects

Select File > Scripts > Flatten All Layer Effects.

Flattening layer makes the effects permanent and converts vector layers into rasterized pixel layers. Use this option when you want to maintain your layer structure but bake effects into the layer content.

Flatten all masks

Select File > Scripts > Flatten All Masks.

Flattening masks permanently applies all layer masks to their associated layers, and this change is irreversible. The masked areas are deleted, and the remaining visible content stays intact. This approach helps reduce file complexity while keeping your layers separate.

Note

Converting an image between certain color modes automatically flattens the file. For example, switching from RGB to Bitmap mode discards all layers. Learn more about color modes and conversions to understand when layer data is preserved.

After flattening, your document's file size decreases and enables faster to save, easier to share, and compatible with formats such as JPEG.

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